辐射

After comparing nonlinear simulation with linear, the results indicate that: Weak nonlinearity has definite and apparent influence on the distribution of acoustic fields and focused gain of array, which cause the distribution of waveform is closer to the array and the focused gain deteriorate ; the strong nonlinearity have a strong waveform aberration, because the other waves of non-fundamental frequency appear . No evident distinction is found in the effects between the oblique propagation and the vertical propagation, though less focused gain and influence caused by strong nonlinear produced by the acoustic diffraction which results in more attenuation in terms of oblique propagation.

将线性条件下的模拟结果与非线性条件下的模拟结果进行比较发现：弱非线性会对声场的分布和阵列聚焦增益产生一定的影响，使得声场分布波形比线性条件下的更加靠近阵列，聚焦效果变差；强非线性会使波形发生更严重畸变，这是由于产生了基频以外的其他频率声波引起的；非线性对斜向传播时声场分布的影响与垂直传播时的影响效果基本相同，但由于斜向辐射时的声波衍射造成的衰减要大于垂直辐射时的，因此聚焦增益和强非线性的影响都将小于垂直辐射时的情况。

Global solar radiation\ direct solar radiation\ scatting solar radiation\ period\ cloud mount\ TSP concentration

总辐射；直接辐射；散射辐射；周期；云量； TSP浓度

The scarce annual global solar radiation data of Henan Province were extended to recent 40 years (1960￣1997) by experimental formula, and direct solar radiation and scatting solar radiation data were calculated by another experimental formula for the stations with the only global solar radiation data.

首先把河南省不完整的太阳辐射资料，用经验公式推算到近40年（1960～1997年）的资料。并把只有总日射资料的站，利用经验公式，计算出直接辐射、散射辐射资料。

Then it is corrected that the brightness temperature with the radiation coefficient ελ of gray body.

通过比较等辐射量的黑体温度，测出灰体的视在亮度温度———辐射温度；并根据灰体辐射系数ελ和测定的辐射温度修正灰体的测量温度，获得实际温度。

Unsteady conjugate numerical simulation results for the solar chimney prototype in Spain show that the soil has the effect of energy storage and can modulate the difference of output power of the solar chimney power plant system between day and night, and that the solar radiation intensity has a significant effect on the energy loss from the system which will increase with the increasing of the solar radiation, and that the canopy of the collector is the main part of energy loss through the system, with a heat-transfer rate per unit area about 10% the amount of the solar radiation.

以西班牙试验电站模型为例进行的非稳态耦合数值计算结果表明：土壤具有较强的蓄热作用且能很好调整系统昼夜发电峰谷差；太阳辐射强度对系统散热损失的影响相当显著，太阳辐射越强，散热量越大；集热棚的顶棚是系统散热损失的主要部件，散热热流密度约为太阳辐射的10%。

Relation equation between blackbody temperature and two color gray ratio of thermal radiation image was set up.

3进行激光熔池测温专用软件需求和可行性分析，描述了激光熔池热辐射图像的数据流程，采用模块化思想进行软件设计，基于数字图像处理技术，开发出一套激光再制造熔池测温专用软件，详细介绍了热辐射图像的数据采集、输入/输出、图像处理、温度计算模块及程序设计开发。4介绍了常用黑体辐射源的结构、加热控温方式和性能评价方式，对不同类型的黑体辐射源进行了详细描述，选择中国计量科学研究院的标准高温黑体辐射源进行温度标定，建立了热辐射图像比色值与温度之间的对应关系。

Modeling the openness distribution and solar radiation transfer within tree crown canopy is presented. The modeled radiative transmission fits the measurement data very well.

对稀疏林地，建立了&考虑开放度的树冠辐射传输模型&，仔细考虑了太阳辐射在树冠和林地内的传输过程，与用于林地辐射小气候研究的模型相比，计算方便，结果可靠，可望用于遥感反演研究。

We can calibrate various radiation thermometers and radiation heat flux bolometers, for example, IR-thermometers, IR-tympanic thermometers.

能够进行各种辐射温度计的校正工作，例如辐射高温计，红外温度计和红外耳温计，以及校正一些辐射热流计。

The deflection and circumfluence of flue gas in convection section would affect the heat transfer when one firebox is on decoking operation,and some tube's temperature would be higher.

双辐射室裂解炉采用两个辐射室共用一个对流段的结构，在一侧辐射室正常生产而另一侧进行烧焦操作时，对流室烟气的偏流和回流会引起对流炉管的受热不均，局部对流炉管传热能力下降。

The software with friendly interface is not only to calculate precisely band and spectral radiant exitance and other radiant parameters which once have to do by looking up thick reference books, but also to help designers to optimize photoelectric detection system that can not be realized by reference books.

编制的软件界面友好，不仅能高精度计算出目标波段辐射出射度、光谱辐射出射度等以前须翻阅厚厚工具书才能计算的目标热辐射特性参数，而且有助于完成工具书难以起到帮助作用的优化设计工作，为设计出性能更加优越的光电探测系统提供了手段。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。