辐射

The conclusion was drawn that it is practicable to extend the use of different kinds of solar photothermic equipments in this region.

平板集热器是一种理想的吸收太阳辐射并向载热工质传递热量的装置。它不仅可以收集太阳直接辐射，而且可以收集散射辐射。

A temperature sensor in front of the electromagnetic field, the said without interference from the methods include: the temperature sensor is made on the characteristics of semiconductor material pre-selected wavelengths of light transmission function as the temperature sensor, west DingZheng prismatically configuration sensor, in order to provide a direct path through the reflective temperature sensor said, Another kiss for primary sources said wavelength, Choose 12.449 coupled with optical fiber sensor, the radiating waveguide song, Another kiss can detect radiation intensity detector change along, through direct transmission path as temperature sensor reflective function, Optical fiber sensor probe second waveguide coupling, And the radiation temperature sensing along the road, directly from the first glance through optical waveguide fiber-optic sensors represent temperature, pulsing said waveguide detection radiation intensity of optical fiber sensor, forwarding through said waveguide as the second pen function temperature.

一种温度传感当着电磁场无干扰电磁场说，该方法包括：从编造温度传感器具有半导体材料的特点进行预选波长的光传输功能作为温度传感器、西丁正prismatically配置传感器，以提供一个直接透过反光路说温度传感器；亲另方面说预选波长为辐射源；选择 12.449偶合传感器的辐射源，以光纤波导首；亲另方面探测器能够探测辐射强度的变化直接传送沿说，通过传感器作为道路反光函数温度；光学传感器耦合的光纤探测器第二波导；与由导演辐射温度传感沿线道路反光直接从第一说，通过光纤波导表示温度光纤传感器脉动说波导二、检测辐射强度转发的光纤传感器，通过说波导作为第二笔功能温度。

From radiative protection side, my methods of malignant disease diagnosis and dangerous degree analysis are gave out through standards, regulations and laws which are carried out in the world and successful experiences from radiative material management in foreign countries and current situation of material application and management, which will help us have a scientific radiative material management evaluation system. Through cased study and comparison analysis, in organization reformation, I point out:1. Separate 'supervising right' with 'checking right', it will keep lawexecuting open and fair.2. Main body function reforger after reformation, all levels sanitarian organizations are judges, give judge a new right, all radiative application units are athletes, all activity should be under regulations.

结合国内国际正在实行的标准、法律法规和相关的规章制度，借鉴国外在辐射管理方面的成功经验，结合我省放射性物质应用和监督管理的实际情况，在辐射防护评价方面，我提出恶性疾病个体鉴定的方法和危险度分析方法，使得我们的辐射监督管理有了一套科学的评价系统；采用案例研究和比较分析的方法，从机构改革方面我提出：(1)需要将&监督权&和&检测权&分离，这样才能保证执法管理机构公开公正；(2)改革后的各个主体需要进行职能再造，即各级卫生监督管理机构是裁判员，重新赋予其裁判员的相关职权；各个放射性物质应用单位是运动员，在游戏规则内从事活动；各个放射卫生检测机构作为中介机构，接受管理机构的委托为&运动员&提供有偿服务。

The 1-D analytic formulae of direct radiant exchange area s and matrix expressions of total radiant exchange area are given taking account of the scattering effects of sharing media to calculate simulatively the radiant exchange areas in an 1-D system having sharing media.

考虑参与介质的散射作用，给出一维辐射直接交换面积解析式和辐射全交换面积矩阵表达式，模拟计算了含有散射介质的一维系统辐射热交换问题。

The company's products used by the fabric, is the company's own design and production of worsted fabrics radiation, soft texture, permeability, and washable, radiation effects through国家技术监督局Identification Test Center in Shanghai (Shanghai, China, the United States of using the Test Center Test Association of ASTM D4935-99 standard test results show that on Sonneratia weft fabric used by the radiation, electromagnetic shielding efficiency up to 99.99 percent).

公司产品所采用的面料，是公司自行设计生产的精纺防辐射面料，质地柔软、透气性好，耐水洗，防辐射效果通过国家技术监督局上海测试中心鉴定（中国上海测试中心采用美国材料试验协会ASTM D4935-99标准的检测，结果表明上海桑纬所采用防辐射面料，电磁屏蔽效率可达99.99%）。

Based on a computing model of floor heating residences, indoor thermal environment and heat distribution under the effect of heat charge/discharge, operation control and solar radiation has been concluded. Concept and formula of equivalent heat supply has been put forward which indicate that actual heat supply will be equal to the sum of design heat supply and equivalent heat supply. Recommend coefficient has been given taken Dalian as an example. Computed according to the new method, design heat supply can be reduced to 37% in cloudy day and 43.3% in sunny day, energy saving effect is very obvious. In Tromb wall solar house, effect of concrete wall on indoor temperature swing and attenuation of temperature wave is very obvious. While the outdoor air-temperature swing exceeds 10℃, indoor air-temperature swing belows 3℃. In the experiment, maximal difference in temperature between inner surface and outer surface of the 300mm wall exceeded 10℃. Heat storage and collector efficiency varies adversely according to solar radiation. Factors such as thickness, material, absorptance of the wall and permeation of the glass cover all have big influence on heat storage and collector efficiency. There exsisted an optimal thickness of the wall, which can make the best of heat storage and collector efficiency. Most of the heat stored in conventional Trombe wall during the daytime has been lost to the outside at night without heat preservation. Heat preservation on the outside surface of the wall has effectively improved heat release performance of the wall at night, heat supply to the room has increased too.

通过建立的地板采暖系统动态热性能分析模型，得出了在蓄放热特性、运行方式和太阳辐射等因素耦合作用下的室内热环境及热量分配比例，提出了等效供热量的概念及计算公式，指出实际所需供热量应等于设计供热量加上等效供热量，并以大连为例，给出了等效供热量的修正系数，以新方法计算，阴天可减少设计供热量37％，晴天最大可以减少设计供热量43.3％，节能效果显著；集热蓄热墙式太阳房中，混凝土蓄热墙的室温均一化效果和对温度波的削减作用非常明显，当室外温度波动最大幅度超过10℃时，室温波幅不超过3℃，实验中300mm厚墙体内外表面温差超过10℃；墙体蓄热效率与集热效率随太阳辐射照度的变化呈相反的变化趋势；墙体厚度、材料、表面吸收率以及盖板透过率等因素对集热和蓄热效率均有较大的影响，存在一个最佳的墙体厚度值，使得墙体集热和蓄热综合性能最优；传统的蓄热墙夜间没有外保温，辐射散热损失很大，研究表明墙体外保温方式明显改善了蓄热墙夜间的散热性能，增加了向室内的供热量。

The infrared radiation characteristics of unsymmetrically two dimensional nozzle are experimentally studied. UTDN is designed and manufactured by prolonging one broad side of a general two-dimensional nozzle AR8 and its aspect radio is 8. Temperature distribution on the axes and spectral IR intensity on the orientation of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 90° on three typical detective planes of the hot plume are measured on hot plume simulation platform of the turbo fan engine.

为了研究非对称二元喷管(Unsymmetrically two-dimensional nozzle， UTDN)的红外辐射特性，首先以宽高比为8的常规二元喷管(AR8)为基础，设计加工了UTDN，然后在涡扇发动机热喷流实验台上测量了UTDN轴线上的温度分布以及在后半球典型探测面内0， 10， 30， 60和90°方向上的红外光谱辐射强度，积分得到辐射强度的空间分布，并在相同的实验条件下，与AR8进行了比较。

We argued that in the accretion disk around a black hole, it is significant in principle for considering the release of the internal energy of the accreting materials.

而且，当盘内物质的辐射机制是黑体辐射时，不论粘滞机制属于何种类型，结果都一样；对于自由—自由辐射，采用a粘滞律模型，与我们在文[1]中所得的结果十分类似。这表明文[1]中所取的近似足合适的。

Generally speaking, the radiate when the mobile phone bides his time is lesser, the radiate when communicating is a few bigger, and when had been dialed in mobile phone number and having notting put through, radiation is the biggest, radiation quantity is when biding one's time 3 times the left and right sides.

一般来说，手机待机时辐射较小，通话时辐射大一些，而在手机号码已经拨出而尚未接通时，辐射最大，辐射量是待机时的3倍左右。

This paper is an attempt to make use of IR radiation characteristics for solving the recognition of targets and decoys.

因此，可以利用的只有目标和诱饵的辐射特征，这些辐射特征包括多个频段的辐射信息。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。