辐合

The results showed that extremely cold rain and snow weather of Sichuan Basin was related well to the variations of water vapor、 frontogenetic function of Yangtze River Basin. at the mid-lower level of the troposphere, especially at 700 hPa level, there was water vapor convergence exiting lastly in Sichuan Basin for long time. And the time of convergence of water vapor was congruous with of cold air in Sichuan basin, and provided the water vapor conditions for the occurrence of low-temperature disaster.

结果表明：四川盆地的低温雨雪天气与南来的水汽变化及长江流域的锋生作用有密切关系，在对流层中低层700hPa上，四川盆地长时间存在稳定的水汽辐合区，水汽辐合的时段基本与盆地冷空气活动时间段一致，这为低温降水的发生提供了水汽条件。

The minimum potential region of water vapor transport vector correspond to intense heavy rainfall region, and the water vapor convergence of the heavy rain region is supplied by the hemisphere scale water vapor transport, indicating that even for a regional severe flood it must gain water vapor supply from very extensive regions.

水汽通量的势函数极小值区对应强降水区，并且暴雨区的水汽辐合是由半球尺度的水汽输送造成，这表明，即使对于该年背景的区域性大暴雨/洪水，它也必须从极大范围地区获得水汽供应。1999年水汽辐合的中心位置较1998年偏东偏南，这使得1999年降水较1998年偏南。

A mesoscale convergence line, which is formed by downslope wind from the Taihang Mts. Converging with southwest warm humid wind in front of a surface trough, induces the release of the CAPE and initiates convection and organizes the convective cells into a squall line.

由于太行山地形影响而产生的下坡风与地面低压槽前的西南暖湿气流相汇合，形成中尺度辐合线，触发了不稳定能量的释放，产生对流并由中尺度辐合线组成飑线。

The mountain is a foothill compared with western peaks, but it sits at the convergence of three storm tracks, along which weather systems and wind hurtle seaward.

和美国西部的山相比，这座山只是一座麓山，然而它就坐落在三条风暴路径的辐合上，天气系统与强风沿此辐合吹向大海。

The results show that wind divergence that is corresponding to the rain area forms at the windward side. After horizontal flow gets over the windward side, vertical circulation flow of climbing-ascending-descending form above the mountaintop. The ice crystal locates in the upper level, and below it there is snow and graupel, the cloud water and rain water is in the low level of the cloud.

此次暴雨过程的动力场、云和降水微物理过程的主要特征是：水平气流在迎风坡附近形成风场辐合，雨区与辐合区位置基本一致，垂直方向上出现明显的气流爬升—上升—下沉的中尺度环流。

The major results are as follow:① There is a great similarity between Intertropical Convergence Zone over the Pacific and SST in the seasonal trend, with ITCZ and high SST found in Southern Hemisphere in winter and in Northern Hemisphere in summer.

结果表明：（1）热带太平洋辐合带系统与海温具有相同的季节变化趋势，冬季赤道辐合带和高海温位于南半球，夏季位于北半球。

The result shows that the severe convection weather arise in the transition from verticality to forward slant of the upper trough, so there was a different advection between the mid- and lower- troposphere, which was quite important to the formation and development of convective instability. The event was triggered by the surface low and meso-scale convergence line, and the squall line was direct influencing system.

结果表明：这次强对流天气过程发生在高空槽由垂直结构向前倾结构转变的过程中，中高层干冷平流、低层暖湿平流的大气层结增强了对流不稳定的发展，飑线是此次强对流天气的直接影响系统；太行山地形和平原南部的中尺度辐合线，对飑线系统的触发、组织、移动具有重要作用，强对流区发生在地面中尺度辐合线南侧的偏南气流里。

The results indicated that the effect of deep warm-wet air coming along the behind subtropical high , moving eastward deepening upper trough , shear line and cyclone trough was caused in Zhuanghe , but no strong thunderstorm . The main impact of system is surface cyclone trough ; Low vortex , shear line in 700hPa , 850hPa strengthen the lower convergence , forming a strong momentum of increase and pieces of water vapor ; strong and wide potential pseudo-equivalent temperature frontal zone lied in Zhuanghe area , the establishment of potential instability are indispensable conditions for producing heavy rain .

结果表明：受副热带高压后部深厚的暖湿气流及西风带高空槽、切变线及气旋倒槽等动力系统共同影响，庄河地区出现了大暴雨天气，但没有出现强雷暴，此过程主要影响系统是地面气旋倒槽；700hPa、850hPa低涡、切变线使中低层辐合加强，形成了较强的动力抬升和水汽辐合；庄河地区处于强而宽的假相当位温锋区中，位势不稳定的建立是造成此次强降水的必要条件。

Study of the causes of MCS intensification and rainstorm shows that( 1) just before the heavy rains occur, there are high temperature, considerably wetness and unsteady convective stratification in the air over the rainstorm-hit area, in addition to significant increase in convectively efficient potential energy, condensation height and decrease in the height of free convection – all these favor the happening of the heavy rain,(2) the mergence of meso-βcloud clusters leads to the MCS such fast growth as to produce rainstorm,( 3) the two lines of cumuli in the north and west correspond, separately, to two convergences on the surface wind field, with stronger convergence at their meeting point responsible for such intense development of meso-βcloud cluster as to bring about torrential rains.

分析MCS加强和产生暴雨的原因表明，首先，暴雨发生前夕暴雨区域具有高温、高湿和对流性不稳定层结，并存在明显的对流有效位能增加、抬升凝结高度及自由对流高度降低的现象，有利于暴雨发生。第二，β中尺度云团之间的合并，使MCS迅速增长，产生暴雨。第三，北、西两条积云线分别与地面风场中的两条辐合线相对应，在它们交汇处的较强辐合导致β中尺度云团强烈发展产生暴雨。

Resultantly, the individual warm/cold events in ENSO cycle appear to be partially locked to the annual cycle, and also exhibit obvious irregularity both in amplitude and in lasting time.

本文第四章研制设计了一包含海洋表面边界层和大气辐合反馈过程的热带太平洋海气耦合异常模式，进而利用该模式对ENSO循环进行了较为真实的模拟，通过对模式ENSO循环的演变特征及其形成机制的细致分析，建立了-ENSO循环的非线性分析模式，并提出了ENSO循环形成的一种更为客观的理论，指出：1）和观测事实类似，模式ENSO循环确实涉及了三种主要时间尺度过程即LF、QB和AC，其中LF为3-4年主周期振荡，QB占总方差10～20%；2）ENSO循环的正反馈机制是不稳定海气相互作用过程，且这一不稳定过程的发展在暖态中明显强于冷态；3）ENSO循环的负反馈机制在冷暖态中表现不同，在冷态消亡过程中，这种负反馈过程主要表现为西边界反射产生的时滞效应，但在暖态消亡过程中不存在类似的时滞效应，其负反馈过程主要表现为在海气耦合不稳定充分发展时伴随的赤道两侧冷水上翻过程的加强以及非线性过程的衰减作用抑制了不稳定的发展并最终使得系统回复至冷态；4）ENSO循环的3-4年主周期振荡是一非线性系统的自激振荡现象，其形成是线性系统的本征模即准两年振荡通过非线性机制产生的周期加倍所致，其中&单向性&大气辐合反馈加热过程对其形成至关重要；5）虽然年循环过程对ENSO循环形成没有本质影响，但它可明显影响ENSO循环的具体振幅和位相，使得ENSO对季节循环有明显的&锁相&特征，并且也使得ENSO循环在振幅大小和时间长短方面呈现出明显的不规则性。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。