辅导员

With social, economic, educational and cultural development in China, the system of university counselors and its personnel construction in China have come to a new period. Counselors are being deeply cognized.

我国高校辅导员制度及辅导员队伍建设随着我国社会、经济、教育和文化的发展也迎来了一个新的发展阶段，人们对辅导员的认识也在不断深化。

Applying Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, this article surveys 124 counselors in 6 colleges in Shanghai. Analysis shows that college counselors' profession burnout includes three factors: emotion exhaustion, impersonalization and dilutedness, which is a result of college counselor's special occupation to cause different between role position and role expectation.

本文应用马氏工作倦怠量表，对上海市6所高校124位辅导员进行调查，结果表明高校辅导员的职业倦怠表现为情绪衰竭、去人格化与无力感三个方面，其产生的主要原因由于辅导员工作的特性造成辅导员角色定位与角色期望不一致引发的。

In this paper, a brief analysis of the effectiveness of college counselor job connotations and characteristics on the basis of a more comprehensive discussion of job counselors to enhance the effectiveness of colleges and universities need to emphasize job counselors to enhance the effectiveness of colleges and universities are adapting to the new situation, an inevitable requirement , the popularization of higher education and university reform necessary to promote the comprehensive development of the demand for University Students.

本文在简要分析了高校辅导员工作实效性的内涵与特点的基础上，比较全面地论述了增强高校辅导员工作实效性的必要性，强调增强高校辅导员工作实效性是适应新形势的必然要求、高等教育大众化和高校深化改革的需要，促进大学生全面发展的需求。

Systematically proposed to enhance the effectiveness of college counselor job path is: To improve their own quality counselors; job counselors to promote innovation; Optimize counselor job security mechanisms; perfect counselor job management system; promote counselor team specialization and career development.

比较系统地提出了增强高校辅导员工作实效性的路径，主要是：要提高辅导员的自身素质；推进辅导员工作创新；优化辅导员工作保障机制；完善辅导员工作管理制度；推动辅导员队伍的专业化和职业化建设。

The college instructors' professionalization and specialization are basically aimed at improving the effect of political and ideological education and characterized by stability and protraction.

高校辅导员的职业化、专业对口化的基本内涵可理解为：以提高辅导员思想政治教育的成效为目标，以教育的专业性、科学性为基本要求，以角色的稳定性和长期性为基本特征，使辅导员作为教师队伍的组成部分，逐步走向专门职业和特定专业的发展趋向和过程。

Talking is one of the most important measure that counselor undertake Ideological and political Education. The effect of Ideological and political Education decides the skills of counselor.The writer using for theory of consultive expatiate

谈话是辅导员进行思想教育和管理工作的重要形式和手段之一，辅导员的谈话艺术决定辅导员思想政治教育的效果，本文通过借鉴咨询心理学方面的知识，阐述了辅导员的谈话技巧。

By multiple statistic method the report finically decides the competence items, which are factor analyzed into 66 items, 12 factors and further combined into 5 dimensions. Knowledge and skill dimension includes knowledge structure, education concept and psychology tutoring skill; ability dimension includes common ability and special ability; self-concept dimension includes self-situate , self-efficacy and self-supervise; personality dimension includes character and emotion; motivation dimension includes extrinsic motivation and internal motivation. It proved that the questionnaire has good internal consistency reliability, and also has good internal validity and structural validity. It could be offer an effective tool to survey the psychology tutoring competence of university counselor. In the second research, using The Questionnaire for psychology tutoring competence actuality of university counselor to investigated 40 counselors and more than 300 college students from 6 college of Wu Han. It validated three hypotheses, the results show: There existed significant difference in university counselor within the variable of college, major, whether do not have assessed remarkable counselor ,how many years to be a university counselor and whether do not ever joined some training of psychology tutoring, but no significant difference within the variable of sex, age and degree.

研究二运用《高校辅导员心理辅导胜任力现状调查》和《高校辅导员心理辅导胜任力现状调查》对武汉6所高校的40名辅导员和300多名大学生实施调查，以辅导员的性别、年龄、学校、学历、专业，以及担任辅导员的年限、是否参加相关心理辅导的培训和是否获得过优秀辅导员称号为分组变量，讨论不同组别的辅导员各项胜任力水平的差异，验证了三个假设，结果表明：(1)学校：不同高校的辅导员心理辅导胜任力水平存在显著的差异，其中教育观念、外在动机和内在动机等方面差异非常显著；(2)专业：整体上，不同专业的辅导员心理辅导胜任力水平不存在显著的差异，但在教育观念、心理辅导技巧、外在动机和内在动机等因子上存在显著差异；(3)工作年限：整体上不存在显著的工作年限差异，但在心理辅导技巧、特殊能力、自我效能感和情感等因子上存在显著差异；(4)是否参加心理辅导培训：参加过培训的辅导员的胜任力水平整体上高于未参加过培训的辅导员，但并不显著，只在知识结构和心理辅导技巧上差异显著；(5)是否获得过优秀辅导员称号：总体上不存在显著的差异，但获得过优秀称号的辅导员胜任力水平在一般能力和性格两个因子上明显比较高；(6)辅导员的心理辅导胜任力水平与其性别、年龄、学历三个变量上各因子的显著性程度都未达到。05，属于不显著的水平。

Besides, this study suggests special training for teaching ability for preceptors before clinical teaching.

本研究建议，应对现行的临床辅导员教学课程做通盘的检视，将「不知如何评估护生的基本能力」、「无法引发护生学习的动机」、「不知如何设计教学活动」、「不知如何评量学生」及「不喜欢教学」五项教学能力作为临床教育之参考，除此之外，建议临床辅导员进行临床教学之前需进行教学训练，主动提供临床辅导员临床教学相关技能；本研究结果亦发现，年龄较高、进阶层级较高、护理工作总年资较低及自愿担任临床辅导员的护理人员的自觉教学困难较低，故建议未来在遴选临床辅导员过程中可以列入以上的条件，可减少临床辅导员自觉的教学困难。

The purpose of this study is to explore the subjective difficulty of clinical preceptors in student teaching and the variants of different backgrounds that might influence the subjective difficulty of clinical preceptor in student teaching. This study is a quantification study carried out by questionnaires. Research subjects of this study are care workers in two regional teaching hospitals and three medical centers in Taipei who acted as clinical preceptor responsible for at least one student nurse within recent six months. The effective response rate of questionnaire was 93.08%(out of 130 questionnaires in total).

本研究目的是探讨临床辅导员自觉的教学困难，并探讨不同背景变项会影响临床辅导员的教学困难的情形，本研究为量性研究，以问卷调查为方法，以台北县市二家区域教学医院及三家医学中心，近半年内临床工作期间担任一位以上专科层级护生实习之临床辅导员的护理人员为研究对象进行方便取样，根据自拟临床辅导员自觉教学困难问卷为研究工具，发出样本为130份，实际回收样本为123份，有效问卷回收率为93.08%。

They can find more values on their professions for a long period of time.（2）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by age, and the differences are significant.（3）The degree of masters' professional identity is a little higher than that of students of five-years term college and undergraduates, and also the differences are significant.（4）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on work age are significant. Who work for 5 to 10 years involves into Job burnout easily.（5）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on monthly profit are significant. The counselor who owns more monthly profit may increases the degree of professional identity.（6）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by administrative level, and the differences are significant.（7）University counselors' professional identity is increasing by professional title, too. The differences are significant.（8）The differences of university counselors' professional identity on school types are significant. The professional consciousness of counselors from Key University is the highest, and General College, voluntary school, junior college follows. There are subjective and objective factors which have impacts on the identity.

与男性辅导员相比，女性辅导员更喜爱辅导员职业，认为从事该职业体现自我价值，愿意长期从事辅导员工作；高校辅导员职业认同度随着年龄的增加而提高；30岁以下的女性比男性辅导员职业认同程度低，而31--45岁的女性则比男性高，45岁以上男女无差异；不同学历水平的高校辅导员在职业认同度上不存在显著差异，相对于大专、本科学历的高校辅导员而言，具有硕士研究生学历的高校辅导员职业认同度略高；不同工龄的辅导员在职业认同上存在差异，工作了5-10年的辅导员易产生职业倦怠，职业认同程度低；不同月收入水平的高校辅导员在职业认同度上存在显著差异，月收入越多，职业认同程度越高；不同行政级别高校辅导员的职业认同存在显著差异，随着行政级别的提高，高校辅导员的职业认同度逐步提高；不同职称的高校辅导员在职业认同上存在显著差异，辅导员职称越高，其职业认同程度提升；不同学校类型的辅导员对职业的认同程度存在显著差异，省重点高校的辅导员职业认同度最高，其他依次为省普通高校、省民办高校、省大专院校。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。