较小的

First low order approximation of generating function and approximate optimal trajectory were obtained. Then using low order approximation of generating function of Hamilton "relative motion" to the approximate optimal trajectory, improvement of the approximate optimal trajectory was iteratively made. In this way, high order approximation accuracy can be obtained by only using low order approximation, which is much cost effective in computing.

首先以较低的计算代价，获得最优控制Hamilton系统生成函数的低阶近似，得到一条近似的最优轨线，然后将最优控制Hamilton系统相对于近似最优轨线求"相对运动"，该"相对运动"仍具有Hamilton性质，利用这一"相对运动"的生成函数低阶近似，可以对近似最优轨线进行迭代修正，从而以计算代价较小的低阶近似逼近计算代价高得多的高阶近似的精度。

The results show that smaller height of reaction channel can shorten the time which reactants diffuse from channel to reaction surface, longer length of micro-channel can extend residence time of reactants on the catalyst surface, and consequently increase the methane conversion and hydrogen production. The pressure drop between inlet and outlet increases lineally with the increasing of length, while the height influences the pressure drop significantly when the height is less than 0.4 mm. Based on the overall consideration for the methane conversion and resistance characteristic generally, the suitable height of channel should be between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm.

结果表明：较小的通道高度能够减小反应物在通道中的扩散时间，较长的反应通道长度能够增加反应物与催化剂的接触时间，甲烷转化率和产氢率提高；通道长度线性地影响微通道进出口压降的大小，而在通道高度小于0.4mm时，通道高度显著地影响进出口压降的大小；综合考虑微通道的重整性能和进出口压降等因素，通道高度在0.4~0.6mm之间较为合适。

First, an optimization algorithm based on the constant linear velocity mathematical model of the camshaft was proposed according to the least square method to finish the curve optimization and simulation, and the fluctuations of the speed and acceleration curves were reduced.

根据凸轮轴恒线速加工的数学模型，提出一种基于最小二乘法的速度优化算法，对加工过程运动曲线进行优化仿真，得到了波动较小的速度曲线并减小了联动轴加速度的跳动。

There were different contamination conditions for different PAHs components in soils. Soils in urban area were severer contaminated by the height-weight-molecule PAHs than soils in agriculture area. However, there were the similar contamination level among different usages soils for the light-weight-molecule PAHs, such as naphthalene and methylnaphthalene.

不同种类的PAHs对不同利用类型土壤的污染情况也不相同，分子量较大的多环芳烃与总PAHs污染情况相似，表现为城市用地的污染程度要明显高于其它类型土壤；但分子量较小的组分，如萘和甲基萘，在不同利用类型土壤中污染程度相近。

The algorithm can be served as the inverse operation of raster to 2DRE quadtree, but it is not direct inversion, instead, it takes other simpler measur i.e. intersection of 2DRE quadtree and code transforming method in Raster to Quadtree conversion, to make the algorithm more effective. It can also avoid possible trouble of memory overflow caused by the operation on bigger images in smaller memory.

这一算法可看作栅格—2DRE四叉树变换算法的逆变换，但不是它的"反演"，而是采用了较为简洁的求交集运算以及栅格—2DRE四叉树变换算法中的编码转换方法，使得这一算法的实现更加有效，且避免了在图像较大而内存较小的情况下可能发生的"溢出"等矛盾。

Studies discover that the minimal deposition threshold is 20eV and the maximum is 60eV with the different incidence point locations and incidence postures of C36 clusters. When the incidence angle is not over 60, C36 may roll or slip to the region of smaller bonding energy and then bond. So the bonding probability is raised.

研究发现：由于C36入射点位置及入射姿势的不同，其在金刚石（100）晶面沉积时的沉积阈值最小值为20eV，最大为值60eV；在入射角不超过60°斜射时，由于水平运动分量的存在，C36可能翻滚及平滑至成键能量较小的区域后再成键，因而提高了成键几率。

One of us notes that several taxa included here in synonymy under species of Monotropa and Monotropastrum are ambiguous minor variants in numbers of flowers per raceme and degree of pubescence.

我们中的一个注明Monotropa和 Monotropastrum 的种下数个分类群为异名，具较含糊的较小的变异在每总状花序的花的数目和被短柔毛程度上。

The influencing factors that glutathione molecular umbrella penetrates lipid bilayers with the shielded conformation were analyzed with VolSurf parameters. The results show that the major influencing factors are smaller amphiphilic moment and larger molecular rugosity of the shielded conformation, which are independent of definite hydrophobic regions of the conformation.

利用VolSurf参数分析了分子伞以屏蔽构象穿透磷脂双分子层的影响因素，结果表明屏蔽构象较小的两亲矩及较大的分子褶皱程度是其能够穿透细胞膜的主要影响因素，与构象的绝对疏水区域无关。

The southern source area central depression belt and formed 5 sets of sequence of far-shore turbidite fan system on gentle slope.

其中 ，南部的物源影响了整个中央洼陷带，沙三段共形成 5套规模较大的缓坡远岸浊积扇序列；而东部的物源只影响东营三角洲前缘的局部地区，形成了一些规模较小的滑塌浊积扇。

Our experiments show that, in most cases, the performance of such an implementation is as good as that of Intel's native PFS. In other cases, such as small sequential file access, large I/O requests and collective I/O, the SIO implementation is much more stable and better than that of the PFS.

我们的实验结果表明，在大多数情况下，这种实现方式下PFS的性能与原始的PFS性能相当，在某些情况下，如较小的顺序文件存取、较大的I/O请求、和Collective I/O，SIO-LLAPI上的PFS实现比原始的PFS性能更稳定和更好。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。