较低的

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

The lower heat-treating temperature of the case results from the fact that hypereutectoid steels are normally austenitized for hardening just above the lower critical point.

由于恰好高于低临界温度通常使过共析钢奥氏体化而硬化，所以对外层采用较低的热处理温度。

The tensile strength and the elastic modulus were assumed to obey Weibull and logarithmic normal distribution and the other mechanical parameters were taken as constant values in the simulations of three-graded-concrete supported beam. The random aggregate random parameters model was established, which is very close to the actual structure. The results show that the nonlinear behavior of higher homogeneous specimen appears later obviously; the influence of random distribution of elastic modulus on the mechanical character is very little in linear range, while great in nonlinear range; random distribution of tensile strength affects the strength and the damage threshold of concrete obviously.

对三级配混凝土简支梁进行数值模拟时，假定各相材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量服从Weibull、对数正态两种随机分布，其他力学参数取定值，生成和实际结构比较接近的随机骨料随机参数模型，数值模拟结果表明材料均质度较高的试件出现非线性行为的时间要明显滞后于均质度较低的试件；弹性模量分布的随机性对材料线弹性段力学性能的影响极小，而对非线性区域的影响较大；材料强度分布的随机性对混凝土的强度和损伤阈值有较大的影响。

The purification procedure described in this paper is quite simple. Addition of CaCl〓 helps to maintain oxygen activity and aggregate the membranes so that they can be conveniently pelleted in a short time by normal centrifugation instead of ultracentrifugation.

在提取液中加入一定浓度的Ca〓（Ca〓既有助于维持类囊体膜的放氧活性又可以使类囊体膜在较低的离心速度下使类囊体膜得到凝集沉淀），从而在较短时间内、在高速离心的情况下得到了纯度较高并具有较高放氧活性的发菜类囊体膜。

The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was proportional to that of phosphorus,but it was limited by the phosphorus concentration.

在除氮效能较高的运行条件下，除磷效能相应较高，但在除磷效能较低的情况下，除氮效能也受影响。

It is could be concluded that the larger pump impeller diameter may obviously increase the efficiency of both conduit and pump system; increasing pump diameter and decreasing its rotational speed is consistent with reducing nD value.It is suitable to pump system with low head to choose lower nD value, so as a hydraulic model of axial flow pump with the better hydraulic characteristics could be obtained.

结果表明：选取较大的水泵叶轮直径将显著提高流道效率和泵装置效率；&增径降速&与降低nD值是一致的；在泵装置扬程较低的情况下，选取较小的nD值便于选用到水力性能较好的轴流泵水力模型。

Frequency offset, convergence time, phase noise and hardware cost are the most important factors for algorithm selecting. First, the carrier recovery loop is divided into two parts, frequency recovery loop and phase recovery loop.

由于载波恢复需要捕获较大的频偏范围、较短的收敛时间、较小的相位噪声和较低的硬件实现成本，所以本文从这四个方面考虑算法的选择。

High percentage distribution of GC-rich repeats of SINEs explain high GC genomic region at 3p25.1 and high concentration of AT-rich repeats of LINEs at 3p26.1 lead to low GC content of the region. Our results suggest isochore structure is the result of coevolution between gene and genome.

同时发现：GC-rich的SINE类重复顺序在GC含量较高的区域有较高的覆盖率，相反AT-rich的LINE类重复顺序在GC较低的区域分布较多，基因分布与基因组这一关系的形成是基因与基因组长期共进化的结果。

Typically, the cast of the long-necked type valve cover has good heat dissipation and high temperature adaptation, be used for high temperature applications; stainless steel valve cover assembly of the long neck has a lower thermal conductivity and good low-temperature adaptation sex, were used in cryogenic applications.

通常，铸造的长颈型阀盖具有较好的散热性和较高的高温适应性，被用于高温应用场合；不锈钢装配的长颈型阀盖具有较低的热传导性和较好的低温适应性，被用于低温应用场合。

Higher oxygen content in the ignition airflow can make the coke powder burn under lower temperature and burn completely to obtain sintering ore with well indexes.

点火气流中较高氧气含量，能够使焦粉在较低的温度下点燃，并且燃烧完全，从而获得较好指标的烧结矿。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。