轻粒子

The best way to use cellular automata on computers is to incorporate the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model of Leptons and Quarks plus the gravitational interaction of the general theory of relativity, or preferably its quantum gravitational version when available.

如果我们有一台运行细胞自动机的计算机，要实现上述情形最好的办法是，根据广义相对论建立涵盖所有轻子和夸克的标准模型，并实例化粒子之间的基本作用力，或采用更可行的量子力学模型。

There are the lepton fields: their quanta include the familiar electrons, which make up the outer parts of ordinary atoms, similar heavier particles known as muons and tauons, and related electrically neutral particles known as neutrinos.

有轻子场：它们的量子态包括我们所熟悉的电子，类似的重子，以及电中性粒子——中微子。

Tachyon is a subatomic particle that travels faster than light.

电子属于亚原子粒子中的轻子类。

Relatively lightweight aluminium or plastic shielding can block charged particles from the sun. But it would take impractically thick and heavy shields to stop the higher-energy galactic cosmic rays.

轻重量铝或塑料隔离罩能够阻挡来自太阳的带电放射性粒子，但是厚重的隔离板阻挡高能量宇宙放射线是不切合实际的。

This was the first step that would lead to the full development of quantum mechanics , in which the wave-like nature and the particle-like nature of light are both considered to be simplifications of what is "really happening".

这是第一步，这将导致人的全面发展量子力学在波浪式的性质和粒子的性质一样轻，都被视为是单纯的，什么是&真正发生的事情&。

It took Cockcroft and Walton five years to build a machine that worked. Finally, in April 1932, they had a machine that produced a steady stream of hydrogen nuclei with an energy of about half a million volts. They were carefully measuring the quality of the stream, in no hurry to begin doing nuclear experiments. On the morning of April 13, Rutherford came into their room, saw what they were doing, and lost his temper. He told them to stop wasting their time and do some science. The next day, Cockcroft was occupied with other business. Walton was alone in the laboratory, ready to do the first experiment, using his hydrogen nuclei to bombard a target made of the light metal lithium. The result was spectacular. The lithium nuclei were split in two and fell apart into pairs of helium nuclei.

用了五年时间，考克饶夫和华尔顿建造出了第一台能运行的加速器，最终，在1932年，他们制造出了能够提供稳定氢粒子流的加速器，粒子能量大约为50万伏特，他们并没有急着做核试验，而是精心测量了粒子流的性质，4月13日清晨，卢瑟福来到他们的房间，看到他们还在测量，大发雷霆，告诉他们停止浪费时间，开始科学研究，第二天，考克饶夫就被安排了其他事情，只剩华尔顿一个人在实验室里，准备做第一次实验，用他的氢粒子流轰击用轻质金属锂作的标靶，结果极为壮观，锂原子被分裂成两半形成一对氦原子，氦原子释放出的能量比氢原子注入的多达三十倍！

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。