轻忧郁症

This study is to translate Angst's Hypomania Check List-32 item into Chinese, and a total of 400 cases will recruited into 4 groups: bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar depression and normal control, 100 cases in each group. Reliability and validity will be analyzed, and the cut-off scored will be established to assist the clinicians in correct diagnosis.

本研究拟翻译由Angst等人(2005)所编制的32项目轻躁症状自评量表(Hypomania Check List-32 item， HCL-32)，取样单极型忧郁症患者、第一型双极症患者、第二型双极症患者与社区正常控制组各100名，进行此量表之信、效度等计量分析，并建立筛选标准值(cut-off point)，以协助临床工作者对双极症患者的正确诊治。

The patient is currently hypomanic, and has had at least one other affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive, or mixed) in the past.

目前有轻躁症状，且过去至少有一次以上的其他情感障碍症发作（轻躁症、躁症、忧郁症、或混合型发作）。

Depressed patients with bipolar features are both less likely to respond to antidepressants and more likely to have tolerability problems with these drugs, possibly because they elicit hypomanic symptoms such as agitation and sleep disturbance, said Dr. Sharma. What is less known is whether these bipolar features are subtle enough for clinicians to miss them if they are not careful.

Sharma博士指出，有双极特征的忧郁症病患对于抗忧郁药物的反应可能比较不好，而且对这些药物较可能有耐受性的问题，可能是因为这些药物会造成轻躁性症状，例如躁动、睡眠障碍；目前仍不清楚双极性症状的病征是否会使得临床医师忽略这个症状，如果他们不小心的话。

The patient is currently manic, with psychotic symptoms (as in F30.2), and has had at least one other affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive, or mixed) in the past.

目前有精神病性症状的躁症(F30.2)，且过去至少有一次以上的其他情感障碍症发作（轻躁症，躁症，忧郁症或混合发作）。

Depressed patients with bipolar features are both less likely to respond to antidepressants and more likely to have tolerability problems with these drugs, possibly because they elicit hypomanic symptoms such as agitation and sleep disturbance, said Dr. Sharma. What is less known is whether these bipolar features are subtle enough for clinicians to miss them if they are not careful.

Sharma博士指出，有双极特徵的忧郁症病患对於抗忧郁药物的反应可能比较不好，而且对这些药物较可能有耐受性的问题，可能是因为这些药物会造成轻躁性症状，例如躁动、睡眠障碍；目前仍不清楚双极性症状的病徵是否会使得临床医师忽略这个症状，如果他们不小心的话。

The patient is currently manic, without psychotic symptoms (as in F30.1), and has had at least one other affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive, or mixed) in the past.

目前无精神病性症状之躁症(F30.1)，且过去至少有一次以上的其他情感障碍病发作（轻躁症、躁症、忧郁症或混合型发作）。

Bipolar II Disorder involves Major Depressive Episodes and Hypomanic Episodes. Since a significant portion of those suffering manic depression did not have full manic episodes, the classification was divided into Bipolar I and Bipolar II. However, Bipolar II is often a first step to Bipolar I. Over 5 years, between 5% and 15% of those will Bipolar II will change diagnosis to Bipolar I. Approximately 0.5% of people will develop Bipolar II in their lifetimes.

双极性二型包含重度忧郁症和轻躁症的症状由於有一大部份的躁郁症病人并没有完全的躁症症状，所以躁郁症要分为双极性一型和双极性二型然而，双极性二型常是双极性一型的第一步，经过五年，5% and 15%的双极性二型的病人会转变成双极性一型双极性二型的终生致病率大约为0.5

The patient is currently depressed, as in a depressive episode of either mild or moderate severity (F32.0 or F32.1), and has had at least one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed affective episode in the past.

目前有轻度(F32.0)或中度(F32.1)忧郁症，且过去至少有一次经证实的轻躁症或躁症或混合型情感发作。

The patient is currently depressed, as in severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (F32.3), and has had at least one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed affective episode in the past.

目前有精神病性之重度忧郁症发作(F32.3)，且过去至少有一次轻症躁症或躁症或混合型感发作。

Results showed that rapid cycling patients were more likely to be female, a fact more evident in bipolar I than bipolar II patients. Rapid cycling patients also showed a younger age of onset and a higher occurrence of depression at study entry. In the year prior to the study, the rapid cycling group showed poorer global functioning and a significantly greater rate of depressive and hypomanic/manic episodes. History of psychosis showed no correlation with rapid cycling but bipolar I patients were more likely to have symptoms of psychosis than bipolar II patients.

研究结果显示，快速循环病患以女性较多，而在两极I及两极II病患中更明显，快速循环病患发病年龄较轻，在研究期间较常出现忧郁症状，研究之前一年，快速循环组显示较低的整体功能，且有明显较高比例的忧郁及轻躁症/狂躁症，但是精神病史显示这与快速循环没有关系，但两极I比两极II病患更容易出现精神病症状。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。