轴面

Methods:Fifty paired embalmed cadaveric humeri (twenty-five pairs:fourteen from male donors and eleven from female donors) were scanned in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior position according to the humeral retroversion by CT. Images of the humeri in the transverse planes at the lowest border of neck,20mm and 40mm distal of LBN(LBN-20、LBN-40), isthmus, head-neck anterior-posteriorwere obtained. Sixty-one extracortical and intracortical parameters were measured exactly by image analytic computer software that included offset, head position, head-shaft angle, head to tuberosity height, head thickness, curvature radius, articular surface arc, neck diameter, isthmus position, proximal and distal border of isthmus, maximum coronal and sagittal diameter of medullary canal and thickness of cortical bone in four planes, including LBN, LBN-20,LBN-40 and isthmus.

50根成对防腐肱骨(男14对，女11对)按肱骨头扭转角置于冠状位和矢状位，行肱骨全长，头颈矢状面，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm，髓腔狭窄部四平面CT扫描，由CT软件测量冠、矢状位髓腔内外参数共61项，包括头心—干轴距，头位置，头干角，头—结节高度差，头厚度，头半径，关节面张角，解剖颈直径，髓腔狭窄部位置，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm和狭窄部四个平面髓腔的最大冠、矢状径，皮质骨厚度等。

Arithmetics and implements of function modules are indicated as follows:In the modeling module, the twist ruled surface formed blade is constructed using B-spline interpolation technique.

造型模块中，采用三次B样条插值的技术，构造出叶片盖盘与轴盘曲线，建立了扭曲直纹面形式的叶片型面。

On the ship center line of the dock, a laser equipment (this laser equipment only can turn in same vertical face)is put on someplace between the Fr –3# and the Fr 7.5#.

在船坞底船体中心线上，-3#肋位与艉轴管后端面所在肋位之间某处放一激光仪（此激光仪只能在同一重垂面内转动），然后分别用激光打-3#肋位及艉轴管后端面两处的钢丝心，确定这两点在船中心面的内，及已确定了整根轴线在同一中心面上。

The off-axis reflection system composed of four aspheric mirrors was designed, but the system structure was not so simple and the performance can also be improved, besides, manufacture and test for large aspheric mirrors are difficult; and then the spherical Fresnel mirror which is easier to be manufactured and tested was used to replace the aspheric mirror, the spherical Fresnel mirror has low cost of replication, but this design also can\'t be used in projection lens because it was only feasible in narrow wavebands; Furthermore, the design making use of catadioptric projection lens was accomplished, this design is greatly applied in rear projector because it has merits of both refraction and reflection. But it had difficulties in color aberration correction and had complex structure.

设计了四片非球面组成的离轴式反射系统，然而，仅采用非球面设计系统结构不够精简，性能也有待进一步提高，且非球面面形较大时加工和检测都存在一定的困难；继而提出了用球面Fresnel反射镜代替非球面的设计方法，虽然Fresnel反射镜加工和检测更为简单，且复制成本低，但对波长具有选择性；进而，应用折反系统结合的方式设计了离轴式投影镜头，该方法因兼具折射和反射的优点，在大屏幕超薄背投系统的设计中广为应用，缺点是会产生难以校正的色差，且结构复杂。

This paper describes a computer-controlled stroboscopic interferometer system for measuring out-of-plane motions of MEMS structures with nanometer resolution.

基于计算机控制的频闪干涉测试系统，文中提出了一种时间轴和空间轴双向解包裹的干涉条纹分析方法，实现了MEMS器件离面运动参数的精确测量，并与微结构平面结构图像模板相结合，可以进行MEMS器件全视场运动的分析，达到了纳米级分辨力。

The third thermal boundary condition equation joined with the degradation rate of interior wall was used to get the contour of interior wall vs. time under the condition of identical heat flux between fluid and solid in axis direction. The numerical simulation results agrees well with that of measurements.

在气流与固壁之间的热流量沿轴向一致的条件下，通过加入降解退移速率的第三类热边界条件方程，求解出不同时间管内壁面轮廓沿轴向变化情况，模拟值与试验结果基本吻合。

These new phases involve the ai-phase (i=1, 2), where the spontaneous polarization Ps is oriented along one of the in-plane edges of the prototypic unit cell and the triclinic r-phase, where the Ps is rotated away from the diagonal of this cell.

这些新的相有：自发极化方向平行于膜面内单胞轴的ai(i=1， 2)相，膜面内外都有极化的r相。

Two ends of s shape bent waveguide respectively coaxially link perpendicular waveguide input and output section.

直波导输入输出段、S形弯曲坡面结构、长方体结构和平面光传输波导位于基版的表面，S形弯曲波导位于S形弯曲坡面结构的表面，直波导输入输出段位于长方体结构的表面，基版上的直波导输入输出段和位于长方体结构上的直波导输入输出段通过S形弯曲波导连接，S形弯曲波导的两端分别与直波导输入输出段同轴相切相接。

On the basis of study on two projects:"10-DOF ultrasonic detection system for complex surfaces part" and "Ultrasonic water-logging automatic survey system for rods", this thesis studies the technologies of ultrasonic measurement, kinematic and dynamic modeling of 10-DOF ultrasonic system, real-time sensitivity auto-adjusting, integrated technology of ultrasonic measurement, surface construction and ultrasonic detection for complex surface parts and rods, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of ultrasonic detection for parts of complex surfaces. Meanwhile, an auto-detection system for metal rods with rough surfaces and bad columniform accuracy is presented for the first time.

本文结合&10自由度复杂曲面超声检测系统&和&棒材水浸超声自动检测系统&两个项目的研究，主要开展了超声测量、检测机器人运动学和动力学建模、误差补偿、灵敏度自动补偿和曲面构件超声检测一体化技术和轴棒类构件超声检测一体化技术的研究工作，进一步提高了复杂型面构件超声检测的效率和精度，并首次针对表面粗糙、圆柱度较差的金属轴棒类构件开发出了高效率的自动化检测设备。

It is difficult to be simulated and analyzed due to the excessive surfaces, complex structure and locomotory parts in zoom lens. All the transmission planes taken as the partial reflection and partial transmission planes were simulated with ASAP（advanced system analysis program）and the stray rays on "dangerous surfaces" which easily generate the ghost images in zoom lens were analyzed. Based on it, the zoom lens was optimized and the quality of image was improved by changing the curvature and refractive index of the second reflection planes.

利用ASAP软件模拟每个透射面作为部分透射、部分反射的表面，对变焦光学系统非轴上光进行分析，模拟出变焦系统的光学元件表面和光机内壁，实行实际光线追迹，然后以像面为研究对象，进一步实施实际光线追迹，模拟出全部散射光在像面上的能量分布，找出鬼像形成的原因，并在此基础上通过改变二次反射所在面的曲率或改变所在面的折射率两种方法对变焦光学系统进行优化，减小鬼点数目，以提高系统的成像质量。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。