轴索鞘

Objective: To investigate the effect of x-irridiation on the myelin and axon of the spinal cord.

目的，探讨X线对受损脊髓髓鞘和轴索作用。

Objective To investigate the X-irradiation effect on the myelin sheath and axon of the spinal cord.

摘 要：目的探讨X射线对脊髓轴索和髓鞘的作用。

Neurotrophic factors play an important role in the culture, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, and regeneration and remyelination of neurite.

神经营养因子在干细胞的培养、增殖、分化以及轴索的再生和再髓鞘化等过程中发挥着重要作用。

Pathological examination showed the obvious edema in myelin sheath,axons and perineurium in 2 w group,and disintegrated myelin sheath,degenerated axons and hyperplastic fibrous connective tissues in the other model groups.

病理学观察：卡压2周组神经束内髓鞘、轴索和神经束膜纤维出现明显水肿，余卡压组可见髓鞘崩解、轴索变性，纤维结缔组织增生逐渐明显。

RESULTS: The mild traction group showed angulus anterior individual neuron slightly engorged, neuron and nerve fiber morphous was normal essentially; individual substantia alba demyelinates in fragmentis; medullary sheath and auxiliary fibers of nerve root were hydropsia slightly without conspicuous myelinolysis. The moderate traction group demonstrated myelinolysis change in the spinal cord, and neurofibras lined up chaos, auxiliary fibers disaggregated, neuron dropsy, tigroid body disappeared with karyopycnosis and anachromasis in neurons; nerve root showed myelinolysis. The severe traction group displayed a great demyelination region; anterior motor neurons with karyopycnosis and anachromasis; myelinated nerve fiber of nerve root shrinked, decreased in number, with severe demyelination changes.

结果：轻度牵拉组牵拉侧前角个别神经元稍肿胀，神经元及神经纤维形态基本上正常，个别白质小片状脱髓鞘样改变，神经根髓鞘和轴索轻度水肿，脱髓鞘不明显；中度牵拉组白质有脱髓鞘改变，神经纤维排列紊乱，轴索崩解、断裂；灰质神经元水肿明显加重，前角运动神经原细胞尼氏体消失，核固缩、深染，神经根髓鞘和轴索水肿，局部轻度脱髓鞘改变；重度牵拉组牵拉侧白质为不规则的大片脱髓鞘区，前角运动神经元胞体固缩、变形、核深染，神经根有髓神经纤维萎缩、数目减少，重度脱髓鞘改变。

Methods Clinical laboratory and electrophysiologic date on 62 patients with CBS were reviewed. Patients were classified as having acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or acute motor axonal neuropathy based on electrodiagnosis criteria.

根据电生理分型将62例GBS患者分为急性炎性脱髓鞘型多神经病(acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy， AIDP)与急性运动轴索型神经病acute motor axon neuropathy， AMAN）两组，对两组患者的临床特征进行比较分析。

Results Among the 100 patients with GBS, the demyelinating pattern was present in 51 patients, the axonal pattern in 25 patients, and 8 patients were inexcitable, 12 patients equivocal and 4 patients normal.

结果 100例GBS病人中原发性脱髓鞘型51例，原发性轴索型25例，神经失电位型8例，不明确型12例，正常型4例。

Many developing axons become myelinated by glial cells; this increase the speed of axonal conduction.

许多生长中的轴索变成有髓鞘的神经胶细胞，他能增加轴索传递的速度。

Electron microscopic examination showed that the spinal cords were normal in group N and A, slight edema of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in group B, loosened fibrous layers in medullary sheath, edema and local degeneration of neuraxis in group C,and shrinkage of nuclear membrane, serious edema of ER, vacuolus change of mitochondria and local demyelination in group D.

电镜结果显示，N组和A组脊髓超微结构正常；B组线粒体、内质网轻度水肿；C组脊髓髓鞘纤维板层结构疏松，轴索肿胀，局灶变性；D组脊髓神经元细胞核膜皱缩，线粒体空泡样变，内质网肿胀严重，局灶性脱髓鞘改变。

The neural histology shows that the degeneration, necrosis and reduction of the quantity of the neur cell on anterior horn cinereum, the change on lateral cord white matter demyelination, disorder, disruption of the neuraxon. The entire changes is in conformity with pathological character of the CSM.

神经组 织学检查见到灰质前角神经元的变性、坏死、数量减少，以及侧索白质脱髓鞘变，排列紊乱，轴突断裂，病理变化符合CSM 的病理变化特征。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。