轴管

Energy exchange efficiency of clustering electron beams passing through a cylindrical coaxial TM812 mode cavity resonator is studied,as well as the extraction method of microwave energy from the cavity resonator.

研究了群聚电子注穿越同轴TM812模谐振腔的换能效率和同轴TM812模谐振腔中微波能量的提取方法，论证了其作为毫米波多注速调管的输出腔的可行性。

The following are the expressionsfor the mean pressure set up at the detection plate and for the time of the signal toprogagate from the radiator to the detector:这里是1个公式,省略） where Re is the real part of the expression appearing within the braces, 0 is the density ofthe medium, vo is the amplitude of the vibrational velocity, c is the speed of sound in themedium, d2 = I +(r/zcos 8, z is the distance between the emitting and receiving plates, B is the angle between the axis of the acoustic channel andthe axis of the tube, r = vro/c, v is the flow speed of the fluid, d is thediameter of the pipe, m is the circular frequency, k is the wave number,where a is the radius of the plate (this is taken as the same for the emitting and receivingplates for simplicity, but there is no difficulty in discussing plates differ~mg in radii),,~ is the vibrational frequency of the emitting plate, andThe triple sums in the expressions for N~ and N2 may be neglected if the flow speed islow, since the contributions for these become negligible.

以下是表达式平均压力为定于检测板和为信号时间progagate从散热器到探测器：（这里是1个公式，省略）假如再是出现在大括号表达式的实部，0是密度中期，沃是速度的振动幅度，C是健全的速度中，D2中=我+的导向8，z是对之间的距离发射与接收板，B是声之间的通道轴角该管的轴，R =中心内大多分为/荤，v是流体的流动速度，，D是管道直径，m是圆频率，k是波数，的其中一盘是半径（这是为重点，同样的发射与接收为le简单板，但没有讨论板的困难，在半径不同毫克），，是发光板振动频率，和在N的表达式的三重总结和N2可以忽略，如果流速低，因为这些变得微不足道的贡献。

The maximum tangential velocity decreases downwardly and shifts gradually towards the center wall along the axial direction, which are mainly caused by the effects of the friction loss along the wall and the turbulent energy dissipation.

轴向速度沿径向呈明显的线性分布，下行轴向速度沿提升管外壁向封闭罩内壁的径向方向逐渐增大。

The current research points out that for the CFCHS joints the linear extrapolation method can be used for chords,whereas the quadratic extrapolation method must be used for braces.The hot spot stress distributions on the CFCHS joints tend to be more uniform and their SCFs become smaller significantly,compared with the CHS joints.Axial tension on the brace puts the CFCHS joints at a disadvantage,which produces higher SCFs than axial compression.The effects of nondimensional geometric parameters β,τ and γ on SCFs of the chords of the CFCHS joints are basically the same as those of the CHS joints,but for the braces,there is a bit difference in the effects of parameters β,τ and γ between the two kinds of joints.Concrete has the function of improving the CFCHS joint rigidity and then decreasing SCFs which is expected to increase fatigue strength,but concrete strength grade does not exert significant influence on SCFs.

研究表明：CFCHS节点的热点应力，对主管可采用线性外推方法，对支管需采用二次外推方法；相比CHS节点，CFCHS节点的热点应力分布趋于均匀，SCF显著减小；CFCHS节点支管轴向受拉比受压不利，SCF增大；CFCHS节点几何参数β，τ，γ对主管SCF的影响效应与CHS节点基本一致，但是对支管SCF的影响效应与CHS节点有些差异；混凝土的作用主要是改善CFCHS节点刚度，从而降低SCF，并预期可提高疲劳强度，但混凝土自身强度等级的高低没有显著影响节点的SCF。

The axial stress in tubes when the load transferring from outmost tube to inner tube is observed as well.

然后对双壁碳纳米管有限系统内管从外管中拉出时受到的轴向力进行了分析。

Projectors and monitoring hydrophones are placed n a chamber along its length. The projectors are driven By the required drives that are calculated aceording to a measured transfer matrix, and amplitude, frequency and incident of the predicted plane wave. Then the acoustic pressure field distribution which is equivalent to the predicted plane wave of any incidence is set up in the chamber. A prototype calilbration system has been developed.

在管中沿管轴方向布置一系列发射换能器和监测水听器，根据实测得到的传递函数矩阵和所要模拟的平而波频率、幅度和入射角计算得到一组发射换能器驱动信号的幅度和相位，然后以此信号激励每个发射换能器，就能在管中形成一个等同于任意角度入射的自由场平面波声场的声压分布。

And, theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out of the performance of the heat transfer enhancement by adding a proper amount of nanoparticles to the thermosiphon with water as the working fluid. Compared with the ordinary thermosiphon, results indicate that this heat pipes posses such advantages as good startup, lower tube wall temperature, and its heat transfer coefficient is increased by 47～96%, heat flux is increased by 7.6～15% in the range of the experiment. The performance of the heat transfer relates to the diameter and the volume fraction of nanoparticle.

理论和实验的研究了这种热虹吸管蒸发段的工作特性，结果表明，与普通热管相比较，这种新式热管具有很好的启动特性，低的管壁温度，换热系数提高了47～96％，轴相热流率提高了7.6～15％，其换热性能随纳米颗粒粒径的减小而增大，随纳米颗粒加入量有所增加，当超过一定量时换热性能反而降低了。

The result showed that Ti02 nanowires with a diameter of 20 nm and a length up to several micron only can be synthesized in NH4F/glycol solution with a small amount of water (glycol: H20=39:1), 60V anodic voltage and 2h anodic time. The nanowires originated from the vertical splitting of anodically grown nanotubes.

结果表明，当醇水体积比为39：1时，60V电压下氧化2h，TiO2纳米管顶部的氧化层在缺陷处发生二次击穿溶解，产生自组装的孔核，场助溶解驱动力使纳米管顶部在孔核处沿管轴向垂直劈裂，形成直径20nm、长度可达几微米的TiO2纳米线。

The different friction coefficient between tube and die is one of the important influences in tube hydroforming. Reduce the friction as possible, it can not only benefit to tube forming, but also reduce axial force effectively.

不同的管坯和模具之间的摩擦系数也是影响管坯成形的重要影响因素之一，要尽量减少摩擦，不仅有利于管坯的成形，还能有效地减小轴向力。

Based on the analysis, made qualitative calculation of the various curvatures of the straightening process applying elastoplastic bending theory. The method of determining curvature of the inverted bending curvature of the axis of being straightened pipe is put forward with which straightening quality is guaranteed in the first place and solved the key problem that have not been solved for a long time. All of these provided theorial basis for the design of bending pipe straightening roller. and setting down of adjusting rule.

在此基础上，运用弹塑性弯曲矫正理论对管材矫正过程中的多次弹塑性弯曲矫正的各曲率进行了定量计算，在保证矫正质量的基础上，对管轴反弯曲线曲率的确定进行了研究，解决了弯管辊形设计中久未解决的最为关键的问题，为弯管辊形矫正辊的合理设计和矫正规程的制定提供了理论基础。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。