轴向场

1The axial evolution law on the structure and the aerodynamic characteristics of the asymmetric flows around slender bodies of revolution at incidences is summarized:whether the flow asymmetry is powerless or powerful,the flow always appears in the structure that lee-side vortices rise,and shed vortices form,and new lee-side vortices come into being alternately on opposite sides of a slender body of revolution axially from nose apex downstream to afterbody,and always induces the sectional side force of waving quasi-sinusoidally downstream axially.

1总结出细长旋成体有攻角非对称绕流流场结构和气动力特性的轴向演化规律：无论非对称性强弱，沿轴向从头部尖顶往后体，非对称绕流总是呈现为左、右两侧背涡交替从物面向上飘起、形成脱落涡、再衍生出新生背涡的流场结构，并诱导出沿轴向呈类似正弦曲线形式振荡分布的截面侧向力。

We calculate the field distribution near focus of an aplanatic system for incident ASPBs with different polarization orders and initial azimuthal angles, and based on the simulation results, we find some unique focusing properties of the beams, such as ever on-axis energy null, strong longitudinal field, and flowerlike intensity distribution at focus.

计算了不同偏振级次和偏振初始角的轴对称偏振光束当入射到无球差系统时在焦点附近的场分布，通过这些模拟结果，发现了该光束一些独特的聚焦特性，例如光轴强度始终为零、具有较强的轴向光场以及在焦点附近场呈现花瓣状分布等。

And the energy balance equation is applied to describe the temperature field axial orientated.

对流道的径向瞬态温度场分布进行差分求解，对流道轴向的温度分布运用能量平衡方程建立数学模型，并采用松弛迭代求解；最后，考虑流动和冷却过程的温度场分布，对流道径向和轴向温度场的计算结果进行了耦合分析，解决了长期以来只能依靠经验计算热流道温度场的局限。

This thesis is aimed to study the flow field in Circulating Fluidized Bed holier in cold state based on the system of Particle Image Velocimetry, Several parts are included: the distribution of particles velocity in CFB boiler including radial velocity and axial velocity of particles; the average radial and axial concentration distribution of particles in CFB boiler; the average radial and axial size distribution of particles in CFB boiler.

本文采用PIV系统对循环流化床锅炉冷态流场进行了试验研究，研究的主要内容包括：循环流化床冷态流场粒子的速度分布特性，包括粒子的径向速度和轴向速度分布；循环流化床颗粒的平均浓度沿径向和轴向分布特性；循环流化床颗粒平均粒径的轴向和径向分布特性。

Physical model of three-dimensional half axis rotor of 110 MW air inner-cooled turbo-generator was established, which included the rotor end, axial ventilation ducts and sub slot ventilation ducts. The rotating turbulence flow field was simulated numerically based on the finite volume method. The air velocity and flow rate distribution characteristics of the rotor end, axial ventilation ducts and sub slot ventilation ducts were analyzed.

建立110 MW空内冷汽轮发电机转子冷却通风道一个槽(包括端部、轴径向及副槽)的半轴向段三维物理模型，并基于有限体积法对该物理模型进行旋转湍流流场数值模拟，分析了端部、轴向段和副槽通风段的空气速度、流量分布特点。

Firstly, the basic character of the remote filed eddy current is simulated and analyzed in case of two-dimension axial symmetry which approves the existence of remote filed eddy current phenomenon; the full circumferential defect model is investigated to approve the feasibility of using the RFEC techniques to detect the position and depth of defect; the pit corrosion、circumferential and axial crack models are simulated, and the defect character based on voltage plane polar plot and the changes of phase and amplitude are analyzed to supply the standard for defect reconfiguration.

首先，在二维轴对称情况下仿真与分析了远场涡流的基本特性，证实了远场涡流现象的存在；对全周向缺陷的远场涡流检测进行了详细研究，证实了远场涡流检测缺陷位置和深度的可行性；对点状腐蚀、轴向与周向裂纹三种非轴对称缺陷进行三维有限元仿真，利用相位差和幅值变化曲线与电压平面极坐标图对缺陷特征进行分析，为缺陷形状重构提供了依据。

We have designed a compensation solenoid and calulated its magnetic field distribution.

给出了补偿线圈的设计结构及其轴向场分布。

We proposed a set of tabulate shim coils to improve the imaging field homogeneity for permanent magnet. By studying the magnetic spherical harmonics and its Taylor expansion, the proposal of designing lower-order radial coils was derived including x, y, xz, xz~2, x~2-y~2 etc. In addition, a novel composite design was presented for the axial coils. By controlling the shim currents of axial coils, different axial magnetic fields can be obtained. This method simplified the design process of axial coils, and made the axial correcting magnetic field more precise.

本文针对永磁体的组成结构提出了一种平板式匀场线圈设计方法，通过研究成像磁场的球谐函数以及通电圆弧在自由空间产生磁场的泰勒展开级数，导出了x、y、xz、xz~2、x~2-y~2等低阶径向线圈的设计方法，同时针对轴向线圈提出了一种新的混合式设计方案，能够通过控制线圈中的电流组合实现对不同轴向磁场分量的获取，简化了轴向线圈的设计过程，提高了校正磁场的准确性。

Based on an analysis of distribution pattern of hydrocyclone"s axial velocity, by changing the inlet flow rate Qi and split ratio Fand making an investigation in the effect of Qi and F on axial velocity field, the factors causing the forming of short-cut circuit and circulating flow are found. It is considered that the short-cut circuit and circulating flow are produced by the structure of the hydrocyclone, and can"t be eliminated completely, though they interfere the flow field inside a hydrocyclone and affect the separation accuracy. Test results show that, by increasing Qi and F and controlling them in a certain range, the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone can be improved.

在研究旋流器轴向速度分布规律的基础上，分析了短路流与循环流的形成原因，试验研究了改变操作参数，即改变入口流量Qi与分流比F对轴向速度场的影响认为短路流与循环流是由旋流器结构决定的，很难完全消除，它们干扰了旋流腔和大锥段的流场，在一定程度上也影响了分离精度试验结果表明，加大入口流量Qi与分流比F，并将其控制在一定范围内，便可提高分离效率这项研究对水力旋流器分离机理的认识与实际应用均有重要意义

The calculation results shows that ,(1) when the rotor rotates at the working speed, a local regurgitant whirlpool that is rightabout to the rotor"s rotating direction appears in the classifying region, which makes the separated granules come back to the outside of the classification district and influences the classification efficiency of the turbine classifier;(2) in the condition of a low rotating speed of turbo rotor, ultrafine particles can follow the gas phase by and large, but when the rotating speed increases, a phenomenon of velocity slippage between two phases appears evidently;(3) A operating parameter, air flow rate is so important that can directly influence the stability of flow field in classifying chamber, the bigger the air flowrate is , the steadier the flow field is;(4) Compared with straight blades, the new shape of blades with backward crooked elbow are helpful to improve the stability of flow field and form whole stream easily, also beneficial to advance the classification accuracy and classification efficiency;(5) The motion trace of particles are very complicated when the turbo rotor rotates at a high speed, the constant bounce of the particles appear between the blades and the coarse particles are even bounce back from the inlet, only the finer can pass through the classification area from the oulet;(6) Along with the increase of the rotor"s rotating speed, radiah axial and tangential velocity all begain to fluctuate repetitively like sine-wave, the smaller the particles are, the more violently they fluctuates.

数值模拟结果表明，(1)在涡轮达到工作转速时，在分级区域形成了一个与涡轮旋转方向相反的局部回流涡，它使得分离出来的细粒重又被带回分级轮外边缘，从而严重影响分级机的分级效率；(2)粉尘粒子在涡轮低速运动情况下，基本上能跟随气体运动，但随着转速加大，两相之间出现了明显的速度滑移现象；(3)分级机工作时的风量也是一个比较重要的操作参数，它可以直接影响到分级机内腔流场的稳定性，风量越大，流场越稳定；(4)同直叶片形状相比较，带后弯导板的叶片，有利于改善流场的稳定性，流场容易形成整体流，对提高分级效率和分级精度都非常有利；(5)粒子轨迹线在涡轮转速较高时十分复杂，有的出现了反复的弹跳现象，大颗粒不能通过分级区域而从进口返流了，只有细小的颗粒才从出口处流出；(6)涡轮转速加大时，粒子的径向、轴向和切向速率出现了明显的类似于正弦波的脉动现象，颗粒越小，脉动程度越为剧烈。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。