轴向地

In the thesis, it was shown that the latitude variation of the angular dispersion should mainly depend on square sum of lower degree deduced Gaussian coefficients if the non-axial-dipole component vs. the axial-dipole component is small.

本文证明，如果地磁场非轴向偶极子分量相对轴向偶极子分量为小量，那么VGP角散布的纬度变化主要由低阶约化Gauss系数的平方和决定。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Additionally, the top wall has a flexible annular ring formed axially along an inner surface and depending downwardly therefrom and spaced inwardly of the skirt.

另外，顶壁有一个沿其内表面轴向地形成的向下延伸的弹性圆环，并且该弹性圆环向内与环状裙边分隔开。

The invention relates to a nut (10) comprising an outer body (16) with an axial passage (22), an inner body which can be movably placed in the passage along an axial direction and which is divided along said axial direction into at least two jaws (18, 20), each jaw bearing an inner thread segment (24) on its radial inner surface, first guiding means (26) located on the outer body, as well as second guiding means (30) located on the jaws and co-operating with the first guiding means so that the jaws are radially displaced towards the exterior when the outer body is displaced in the unscrewing direction relatively to the inner body et radially displaced towards the inside when the outer body is displaced in the screwing direction relatively to the inner body.

本发明涉及一种螺母(10)，它包括：一个带轴向通孔(22)的外体(16)；一个内体，位于通孔(22)中，可沿轴向移动，并且沿所述的轴向方向至少分成两个滑块(18、20)，它们各自在其径向的内表面上具有内螺纹部分(24)。在外体上有第一导向装置(26)，同样滑块上有第二导向装置(30)，第二导向装置与第一导向装置共同起作用，所以，当外体相对于内体沿旋松方向作相对滑移时，滑块径向地向外滑移，并且，如果外体相对于内体沿拧紧的方向滑移，则滑块径向地向内滑移。

A transmission for vehicles is provided with a plurality of drive gears, an input shaft connected to the drive shaft of an engine, an output shaft disposed parallel to the input shaft, a driven gear which meshes with each drive gear and is rotatably disposed on the output shaft, a synchromesh mechanism which has a sleeve movable in the axial direction of the output shaft, is engageable with a side portion of the driven gear, and couples the driven gear to the output shaft, and a parking gear formed integrally with the sleeve of the synchromesh mechanism.

用于车辆的传动装置配备多个驱动齿轮；连接到发动机的驱动轴的输入轴；与输入轴平行设置的输出轴；与每个驱动齿轮啮合并且可转动地设置在输出轴上的被驱动齿轮；具有可沿输出轴的轴向移动的套筒，可与被驱动齿轮的侧部啮合并且将被驱动齿轮连接到输出轴的同步啮合机构；和与同步啮合机构的套筒一体形成的泊车齿轮。

The invention is characterised in that the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is fed into the swirl generator (1) largely axially and/or coaxially to the burner axis, forming a fuel flow, with a largely spatially defined flow form (9) which is maintained inside the burner and opens up in the region of the burner outlet.

本发明的特征在于，所述含有氢气或者由氢气所组成的气态燃料在涡流发生器(1)内相对于燃烧器轴线尽可能轴向地和/或同轴地、在形成燃料流的情况下以尽可能空间受限制的流动形状(9)被输入，该流动形状(9)在燃烧器内得以保持，并且在燃烧器出口的范围内绽开。

The shaft is mounted in the pump housing by axially spaced conical bearings, each bearing including a first element fixed on the shaft with a first conical bearing surface concentric with the axis, a coacting second element carried by the housing with a second conical bearing surface concentric with the axis and slidably engaging the first bearing surface and a spring forcing the elements together.

所述轴由轴向地间隔开的锥形轴承安装在所述的泵外壳中，每一轴承包括：第一元件，固定在所述轴上，具有与所述轴线同心的第一锥形轴承表面；共同作用的第二元件，由泵外壳承载，具有与所述轴线同心的第二锥形轴承表面，该第二锥形轴承表面可滑动地啮合所述第一轴承表面；和弹簧，将所述元件压在一起。

Patent, and then the blade-to-blade flow was computed by solving the two-dimensional steady Navier-Stokes equations, finally, overall performance and internal flowfield characterization were obtained and analyzed.2. As to radial matching between blade sections, preliminary investigations were developed from three aspects such as stall margin customizing technique, control technology of tip clearance flow, prediction model and control technology of corner separate.a On basis of reviewing on methods of achieving the goal of stall margin in design process of fan and axial-flow compressor, in conjunction of understandings on "Sweep/Dihedral", stall margin customizing technique was put forward; two-dimensional performance prediction method for stall margin customizing was developed, it can consider influences of radial stacking patterns of blade sections and axial distances between blade rows conveniently and rapidly.b A simple model for tip leakage mixing loss of unshrouded blades for compressible flow was presented.

二、叶片基元展向匹配方面，本研究从影响负荷最大化的叶身展向积迭注：原(来源：ABC论文35网www.abclunwen.com指掠弯是裕度定制的一部分，为方便论述，本文将此统一论述为裕度定制、叶尖间隙、叶片与端壁角区这三个最重要因素出发，探讨了各因素影响负荷最大化的机理，并由此给出了最大负荷设计过程中的技术措施和努力方向。1从掌控风扇/轴流压气机裕度方法回顾入手，探析了美国和俄罗斯裕度控制方法及相应特点，结合对&掠/弯&因素的认识提出了裕度定制技术：并开发了能够体现裕度定制思想的二维特性预估方法，可在二维层面下方便快捷地考虑以掠/弯为代表的叶片基元展向积迭以及叶片排间轴向间距带来的影响；2借鉴Denton关于不可压叶尖泄漏损失的理论分析，推导出适用于可压缩流动的叶尖泄漏掺混损失计算的基本关系式。

A miniature motor 1 includes: a motor case 2; a gear case 5 connected to the motor case 2, for pivotally supporting an output shaft 15; a brush holder 30, 30 ' for holding a brush 17 and attached to the gear case 5; and a brush holder attaching portion 7, 7 ', which is formed into a recess-shape, into which the brush holder is press-fitted in the axial direction of the output shaft, the brush holder attaching portion being formed integrally with the gear case.

本发明公开了一种微型马达(1)，包括：马达壳体(2)；连接到马达壳体(2)上的齿轮箱(5)，用于可枢转地支撑输出轴(15)；电刷托架(30、30′)，用于保持电刷(17)并安装到齿轮箱(5)上；以及电刷托架安装部分(7、7′)，该安装部分形成为凹陷形状，电刷托架沿着输出轴的轴向压配合到该安装部分内，电刷托架安装部分与齿轮箱一体地形成。

The results show that the growth rate of tetrapod ZnO is controlled by spiral growth and its crystallization is via VLS model. The condensation of tiny zinc droplets in zinc vapor is the key factor of the formation of tetrapod ZnO. The growth steps are formed on the terminated faces as zinc diffuses outwards and the elongation of whiskers continues until zinc inside the droplets is depleted. VS crystallization, which has little effect on the elongation growth, takes place on side faces of the whiskers and consequently makes the whiskers radius increase.

结果表明： T-ZnO晶须的结晶作用是气-液-固方式，晶须生长受螺旋生长机理控制；锌蒸气中产生凝聚生长的锌液滴是制备T-ZnO晶须的关键，锌从液滴内向外扩散在晶须的端面产生生长台阶，随着液滴内的原子向外不断扩散，针体部分就不断地伸长生长，当液滴内的原子全部消耗尽时，晶须便不再发生轴向生长；气-固方式的作用主要是促进晶须棱面生长而使晶须变粗，对轴向生长几乎没有影响。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。