轴

The prior cycles with higher axial stress and larger strain range greatly restrains ratchetting strain of subsequent cycling with lower ones. Creep behavior plays an important role in the ratchetting strain and its influence on ratchetting behavior can not be neglected. Fracture morphology characteristics of two kinds of materials were investigated by scanning electron microscope. It shows that failure of material A is induced by cavitation and that of material B is induced by decohesion. For material A, with the decreasing strain amplitude the fracture surface shows more larger diameter globular particles under uniaxial loading and can be seen more obvious and deep crack under multiaxial loading. However for material B, with the decreasing strain amplitude fracture surface shows larger and larger scalelike shape and becomes more smooth under uniaxial loading, but fracture surface under multiaxial loading looks like more smooth than that of uniaxial loading, and shows gradually wave-like morphology.

通过扫描电子显微镜研究表明：材料A为空穴引起的失效，材料B为剥离导致疲劳破坏；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料A在单轴载荷下，断口表面浮出更多更大直径的球状颗粒，而多轴载荷下，可以看到很深的裂纹；随着载荷幅值的减小，材料B在单轴载荷下，断口表面鱼鳞片越来越大，表面越来越平整，而多轴载荷与单轴载荷相比，断口表面看上去更加平整，并且随着载荷幅值的减小，断口逐渐呈现波浪形貌；通过微观的傅立叶变换红外光谱分析，结果表明随着应变幅值的增加，无论载荷是单轴还是多轴状态下，橡胶材料吸光度比值随着幅值的增加而增加，这说明体系中的结晶含量也随之增加。

According to the biaxial reciprocating gear-driven principle that presents by professor He guo jin in this thesis, the biaxial reciprocating cylinder gear reducer has been designed and interiorinput power of this reducer is forty watt.

本文根据何国金教授提出的两平行轴间多级圆柱齿轮来复传动原理，设计了一台两平行轴大速比来复传动圆柱齿轮减速器，其输入功率为40w，这种减速器中的双联齿轮与轴之间为空套联接，双联齿轮所在的轴段只受弯矩，不受扭矩；也就是说，输入轴只有靠近电动机一端的20mm长度上受扭矩，输出轴只是在靠近外伸输出端与其键联接的齿轮和外伸端部之间承受扭矩，因此轴的扭转刚度高。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

The device comprises: a conveyer belt; a let-off roller (16) on which the conveyer belt runs and from which the rubber tape is let off; a traverser (21) to move the let-off roller (16) in an X-axis direction parallel to the rotational axis of the object; a radial shifter to move the let-off roller in a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction; a tilter (23) to turn the rotational axis of the let-off roller (16) around a reference axis which is parallel to a Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction.

所述装置包括：输送带；送出辊，所述输送带在送出辊上行进并且所述橡胶带从送出辊送出；移动台，其沿平行于物体的旋转轴线的X轴方向移动送出辊；径向移位装置，其沿垂直于X轴方向的Y轴方向移动送出辊；倾转装置，用于绕平行于Z轴方向的基准轴线转动送出辊的旋转轴线，所述Z轴方向垂直于X轴方向和Y轴方向。

The machine component claimed in claim 1, in which the second mounting means comprises a toggle bracket fixed with respect to the base plate, a toggle lever located above the slide plate and pivotally mounted to said toggle bracket about afirst axis, a clevis bracket affixed to the slide plate, a toggle link pivotally mounted at one end to said clevis bracket and pivotally mounted at the other end to said toggle lever at a second axis spaced from said first axis, one part of said assemblybeing pivotally mounted to said toggle lever at a third axis spaced from said first axis, the second and third axes being spaced different distances from said first axis.

机器组件索赔要求1，其中第二次安装的手段包括一个切换支架方面的底板，上面一个切换杠杆的滑板位于pivotally说，安装在固定支架切换对afirst轴，一羊角支架贴幻灯片板，一个切换链接pivotally在一端的安装支架，并说，羊角pivotally在另一端安装说，从第二个间隔轴切换杆称，第一轴，其中的一部分说assemblybeing pivotally安装在切换上说杠杆间隔从第三轴轴表示，第一，第二和第三轴间距是从不同的距离表示，第一轴。

A APDL program is developed for analyzing the contact stress of journal bearing pair of roller cone bit. The 25 contact stress cases of different clearance fit(including clearance of large bearing is bigger, equal to and smaller than that of small bearing) journal bearing pair of the 8 1/2XXX roller cone bit are analyzed. The result is that the maximum contact stress is less when the clearance of large journal bearing pair is smaller than or equal to that of small journal bearing pair.

用参数化设计语言APDL编制了牙轮钻头滑动轴承的ANSYS接触有限元分析程序，根据钻头制造厂方提供的某8 1/2的轴承配合间隙尺寸，分三种不同的间隙配合（大轴间隙大于小轴间隙、大轴间隙等于小轴间隙、大轴间隙小于小轴间隙），共25种情况，对轴承的表面的接触应力进行了分析，得出：大轴间隙小于等于小轴间隙时最大应力比较小。

The sliding gear assembly consists of sliding shaft, sliding gear and sliding clutch. The sliding shaft coaxial with the driving shaft has one end stretched into the axial hole on one end one the driving shaft and the other end supported on the front end casing; and the driving shaft is fixed axially onto the pedestal.

滑动齿轮组件由滑动轴、连接在滑动轴上滑动齿轮、连接在在滑动轴上的滑动离合器组成；滑动轴与传动轴同轴；滑动轴的一端的伸入在传动轴的一端沿轴向所开的孔内，另一端支撑在前端壳体上；传动轴在轴向被固定在底座上。

Results The length change of the long axis was smaller than the absolute value of the length change of the short axis in the coup site air bubble; the length change of the long axis was bigger than the absolute value of the length change of the short axis in the contrecoup site air bubble.

结果 撞击点处的气泡在短轴方向上的轴长变化大于长轴方向上的轴长变化，对冲点处的气泡在短轴方向上的轴长变化小于长轴方向上的轴长变化。

Fir Fortunately Seiki leading products: 1, bulging packages (also known as the swelling sets, key-free bearings, bushings-free bond, the bond-free coupling, internal and external expansion sets) 2, coupling mainly patch-coupling, precision servo motor couplings, air compressor for flexible coupling, no backlash precision flexible coupling, the universal joint, the plum blossom - Shaft, etc.

杉幸精机主导产品：1、胀套(又称胀紧套，免键轴承，免键衬套，免键式联轴器，内外膨胀套)；2、联轴器(主要有膜片联轴器，精密伺服电机联轴器，空压机专用高弹性联轴器，无背隙精密弹性联轴器，万向联轴器，梅花型联轴器等)；3、扭力限制器(按照国际标准，可完全替代日本，台湾，欧美进口产品)。

Therefore, for improving the accuracy of exceed slender axle on turning,must need to do with the lathe fixture and cutting tool for further improvement. In order to reached the requirements of precision machining,in machining process must use follower rest、flexible active thimble、space block and bracket etc fixture and assistive device.

超细长轴在车削加工中承受自身重力、切削力、高速旋转产生的离心力的作用，极容易出现振动与弯曲变形现象，增大轴的几何形状误差，而超细长轴的轴向尺寸较大，直径较小，热扩散性及刚性差，受切削热作用会在轴向发生线性膨胀，若在轴向的伸长量无法得到消除，轴将受迫弯曲，从而影响轴的精度。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。