轴

This thesis is combined with the project－"design and exploitation of Automotive Constant Drive-Shaft", which is undertaken by the topic team. Based on the structural simplification to three-dimension solid models of ball-cage type and three column-shaft type constant velocity joint, and the three-dimension solid models are obtained by conversion engineering. Altair/Hpermesh software is used here for generating the finite element mesh of key parts of ball-cage type and three column-shaft type constant velocity joint.

本文结合课题组承担的"汽车等速驱动轴设计开发"项目，在对通过逆向工程方法获得的等速驱动轴的球笼式等速万向节和三枢轴式等速万向节三维实体模型进行结构简化的基础上，利用Altair/Hypermesh软件对球笼式和三枢轴式等速万向节的各关键零件进行了有限元网格划分。

Described are the 6-axle, 8-axle gondola cars and tank car s, 4-axle and 3-axle bogies trial-manufactured and produced in the Former Soviet Union as well as the main technical parameters;and 5 types of wheelsets and 6 types of locomotive and rolling stock gauges are described briefly.

介绍了前苏联试制和生产的6轴、8轴敞车和罐车、4轴和3轴转向架，以及主要的技术参数，并简要介绍了前苏联铁路所采用的5种型号的轮对和6种机车车辆限界。

Described are the 6-axle, 8-axle gondola car s and tank cars, 4-axle and 3-axle bogies trial-manufactured and produced in the Former Soviet Union as well as the main technical parameters;and 5 types of wheelsets and 6 types of locomotive and rolling stock gauges are described briefly.

介绍了前苏联试制和生产的6轴、8轴敞车和罐车、4轴和3轴转向架，以及主要的技术参数，并简要介绍了前苏联铁路所采用的5种型号的轮对和6种机车车辆限界。

Based on the analysis of the short life of the bearings in the speed increaser of Morgan finishing unit and elastic spacers and breaking of input shafts,the transformation is made to the output and input shaft bearings and the related parts in the speed increaser ,with the good results.

针对高线摩根精轧机组增速机轴承和弹性垫片使用寿命短，输入轴断轴等事故进行分析探讨，通过对增速机输出轴轴承、输入轴及相关配合零件的改造，取得较好的使用效果。

Based on the analysis of the short life of the bearing s in the speed increaser of Morgan finishing unit and elastic spacers and breaking of input shafts,the transformation is made to the output and input shaft bearing s and the related parts in the speed increaser,with the good results.

针对高线摩根精轧机组增速机轴承和弹性垫片使用寿命短，输入轴断轴等事故进行分析探讨，通过对增速机输出轴轴承、输入轴及相关配合零件的改造，取得较好的使用效果。

The gray of seismic phase axis is higher, so we sue the median axis of the surround line of the higher gray as the seismic phase axis and we get the right result.

根据地层反射同相轴灰度值较大这一特性，提取强灰度包络线的中轴作为同相轴的检测追踪结果，得到了正确的同相轴检测结果。

A self-drilling anchor (10) for use in a friable material (1) comprises a body (12) having an axis (13), a flanged rear end (14), a drilling front end (16) and a generally cylindrical portion (18) therebetween having an outer surface (20) with a thread (22) disposed thereon, wherein the body forks, beginning at a predetermined distance from the flanged rear end, into a first leg (24) and a second leg (26), the first leg extending forwardly into a drilling tip (28) and having a generally rearward facing shoulder (30) angled obtusely outwardly with respect to the axis, wherein the body (12) has an axial bore (32) for receiving an elongate fastener (2), the axial bore (32) extending substantially through the flanged end (14) and the generally cylindrical portion (18) and leading to the generally rearward facing shoulder (30), wherein the anchor (10) has a drilling mode wherein the second leg (26) nests behind the generally rearward facing shoulder (30) of the first leg (24), and an anchoring mode wherein the legs are pivoted apart from one another.

一种用于易碎材料(1)中的自攻螺钉(10)，包括：主体(12)，其具有中心轴(13)、带有凸缘的后端部(14)、用于钻孔的前端部(16)和位于所述后端部和前端部之间的通常为圆柱状的部分(18)，所述圆柱状部分(18)的外表面(20)上布置有螺纹(22)，其中主体从距离带有凸缘的后端部的预定的距离处开始分叉为第一腿(24)和第二腿(26)，第一腿向前伸入钻孔尖端(28)，并且具有相对于中心轴向外成钝角的通常面向后的肩部(30)，主体(12)具有容纳细长状紧固件(2)的轴向孔(32)，轴向孔(32)基本延伸穿过带有凸缘的端部(14)和通常为圆柱状的部分(18)，并且通向通常面向后的肩部(30)，螺钉(10)具有钻孔状态和固定状态，在钻孔状态，第二腿(26)套在第一腿(24)的通常面向后的肩部(30)之后，并且在固定状态，腿彼此转动分离。

Here the Y axis was set to the standard axis system Y axis, and a 15 degrees angle was set in relation to an edge parallel to the X axis.

这里Y轴的设置方式如同标准轴系统Y轴的设置方式，15度表示绕X轴转动的角度。

This milling machine has fixed cross-rail and column structure. The national patent technology "the new multiple guideway" and CNC universal milling head with AC axes(3axes +2axes) type are applied to it. It can realizes rotate index ±370o at AC axes. Equipped with domestic or imported CNC system and capability, the machine can realize pentahedron machining.

产品采用定梁定柱结构，刚性强；应用《新型复合导轨》国家专利技术和AC轴（3轴+2轴）型数控自动万能铣头核心技术，可实现AC轴±370o自动旋转分度；选配国产和进口数控系统，自动完成多种空间方向的加工，实现五面体加工功能。

The method is :there are two perpendicular axes whose distance are controlled ,one is the axis of work table, the other is fixed with a microscope for aiming.

该测量方法是：两个相互垂直且间距可调的数控回转轴，一轴与工件的回转中心重合，另一轴上固定可移动的瞄准显微镜，当显微镜瞄准被测孔时，两轴的转角由各自的圆光栅测出，两轴之间的角度位置确定曲面壳体零件上小孔的孔位置，同时采用CCD摄像头，利用图象处理技术实现小孔的尺寸测量。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。