软骨骨瘤

Pathological diagnosis as follows: Chon- droblastoma (3 cases), giant cell tumor of bone (3 eases), fibrous dysplasia (2 cases), non-ossifying fibroma (1 case), and esosinophilic granuloma of bone (1 case).

材料和方法：经手术病理和临床活检证实共10例，其中成软骨细胞瘤和骨巨细胞瘤各3例，骨纤维异常增殖症2例，非骨化性纤维瘤和嗜酸性肉芽肿各1例。

The pathology, clinical manifestations, X-ray findings and treatment principles of benign bone tumors, osteochondroma, chondroma and giant cell tumor of bone .

良性骨肿瘤：骨软骨瘤，软骨瘤，骨巨细胞瘤的病理，临床表现，X线表现及治疗原则。

Our findings demonstrate that in conjunction with clinical and radiographic findings, immunohistochemical evaluation with a panel of D2-40, EMA, brachyury, and GFAP is most useful in distinguishing chordoid meningioma from chordoid glioma, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, chordoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma. A lack of strong, diffuse S100 reactivity may also be useful in excluding chordoid meningioma.

我们的结果表明，结合临床和影像学资料，D2-40、EMA、brachyury和GFAP这样一个免疫标记组合就能很好地鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、骨外的黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤。S100染色不强烈、不弥漫也有助于排除脊索样脑膜瘤的诊断。

EMA was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma, whereas D2-40 was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and chordoma.

EMA是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤最有效的抗体，而D2-40则是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤最有效的抗体。

AIM: Chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma are uncommon skeletal neoplasms that have a strong tendency to involve the epiphysis of long bones.

目的：成软骨细胞瘤与透明细胞软骨肉瘤是少见的骨骼肿瘤，但对长骨骨骺有很强的侵蚀倾向。

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign bone tumor. The etiology of chondromyxoid fibroma is still unknown.

软骨粘液纤维瘤是一种罕见的良性骨瘤，它发生的原因至今仍不明。

Have a small portion of cartilage is due to developmental disorders, fractures, trauma, the sequelae caused osteoma.

有少部分是因软骨发育障碍，骨折、外伤、骨瘤等引起的后遗症。

Staining extent and intensity were evaluated semiquantitatively and mean values for each parameter were calculated. Immunostaining with D2-40 showed positivity in 100% of skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 96% of enchondromas, 95% of low-grade chondrosarcomas, 80% of chordoid meningiomas, and 75% of chordoid gliomas. Staining with S100 demonstrated diffuse, strong positivity in all (100%) chordoid gliomas, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, low-grade chondrosarcomas, and enchondromas, 94% of chordomas, and 81% of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, with focal, moderate staining in 40% of chordoid meningiomas.

我们半定量地评估了这些免疫染色的广度和强度，并且计算了它们各自的平均值。D2-40阳性表达于100%例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、96%例内生性软骨瘤、95%例低级别软骨肉瘤、80%例脊索样脑膜瘤和75%例脊索样胶质瘤。S100染色弥漫且强烈地表达于所有的（100%）脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤和内生性软骨瘤，94%例脊索瘤，81%例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤，还有，局灶性、中度表达于40%例黏液样脑膜瘤。

In this study, immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against D2-40, S100, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, brachyury, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 4 cases of chordoid glioma, 6 skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 10 chordoid meningiomas, 16 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, 18 chordomas, 22 low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 27 enchondromas.

本研究中，我们给4例脊索样胶质瘤、6例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、10脊索样脑膜瘤、16例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、18例脊索瘤、22例低级别软骨肉瘤和27例内生性软骨瘤做了D2-40、S100、pankeratin、上皮膜抗原、brachyury和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组化染色。

There hae been a few reported cases of bursal osteochondromatosis inoling the retrocalcaneal, subacromial, and subcoracoid bursae2,10,11; howeer, infrapatellar bursal osteochondromatosis has neer been reported in the English-language literature, to our knowledge.

已报道的粘液囊骨软骨瘤病病例包括跟骨后、肩峰下及喙突下粘液囊的骨软骨瘤病；然而，据我们所知，髌骨下粘液囊骨软骨瘤病的报道却从未在英文文献中见到过。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。