软骨腔

Reconstruction of middle ear with homologous costal cartilage is a ideal surgery toreconstruct hearing structure and avoid infection of middle cavity after radical mastoidectomy.

用同种异体肋软骨行乳突根治术后的中耳重建术，是解决乳突腔重新中耳化、听力重建、防止术腔感染的较为理想的术式。

Reconstruction of middle ear with homologous costal cartilage is a ideal surgery to reconstruct hearing structure and avoid infection of middle cavity after radical mastoidectomy.

用同种异体肋软骨行乳突根治术后的中耳重建术，是解决乳突腔重新中耳化，听力重建，防止术腔感染的较理想术式。

In choracic region,the distance from the puncture point to the median line should not exceed 20 mm,the appropriate angle between the needle and sternum is about 10 degree.The appropriate puncture depth from left and from right is 40 mm and 50 mm separtely.

经皮穿刺胸腺时为防止伤及左头臂静脉、上腔静脉以及胸膜腔，在颈部可在第3～4气管软骨环的下方进针；在胸部，沿胸骨后方上翘10°左右的角度穿入胸腺，距正中线左右不超过20 mm处进针，穿刺深度左侧40 mm，右侧50 mm为宜。

The results suggest that drug synovectomy may be one mechanism about intra-articular corticosteroid therapy in TMD, and this therapy could lead to progressive degradation and destruction of the articular cartilage.

糖皮质激素通过药物性的滑膜切除是治疗TMD关节源性疼痛的一个可能的作用机制；②一次性的关节腔内注射治疗剂量的糖皮质激素可以导致软骨基质的丢失和软骨的破坏。

Osteoarthritis of the facet joints is similar to that of all diarthrodial joints, which displayed many changes such as cartilaginous surface defects, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, narrow capsule, apophyseal misalignment, and synovial hyperplasia.

腰小关节骨性关节炎同其他关节的骨性关节炎一样，表现为软骨面的病损，软骨下骨的硬化及骨赘形成，关节腔狭窄，关节囊增厚及滑膜增生等改变。

According to the different pathological changes, clearing synovium, biting off or gouging cataplasis cartilage, trimming asperous articular surface and sclerotin surface, stripping hyperplastic osteophyma, drilling under the cartilage to decompress, biting off and gouging injury glenoid labrum, dislodging corpus liberum, lavaging articular cavity with physiological saline and other therapeutic tools were applied.

根据不同病变情况，镜下采取清理滑膜、咬除或刨削退变的软骨、修整不平的关节面和骨质面、磨除增生的骨赘、软骨下微钻孔减压、咬除并修整损伤盂唇、取出游离体、生理盐水灌洗关节腔等治疗手段。

Results: Arthroscopic examination showed that there were synovitis, debris and fibrillation in the joints of ADD with reduction; synovitis, synovial hyperplasia, debris, fibrillation, chondromalacia,fibrocartilage rupture and adhision in the joints of ADD without reduction.

结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复性关节结节表面纤维形成，关节软骨软化，软骨剥脱，同时伴有纤维粘连。

Full-thickness articular cartilage defects (diameter: 3mm, depth: 3mm) were made to bilateral condylus medialis femoris of all rabbits. In periosteum+BMSCs group and periosteum group, defects were covered by homolateral autogenous proximal tibia periosteums, with germinal layer facing to cavitas medullaris. After that, the periosteum+BMSCs group received 3 sutures, followed by injection of 20 μL BMSCs suspension (1×109/L) into the defects, after which the last suture was taken.

在全部兔双侧股骨内侧髁造成直径3 mm，深度3 mm的全层软骨缺损，骨膜复合骨髓间充质干细胞组、单纯骨膜组取同侧胫骨上段内侧骨膜，骨膜生发层朝向骨髓腔覆盖软骨缺损，骨膜复合骨髓间充质干细胞组先期缝合3针，向缺损区注入1×109 L-1骨髓间充质干细胞细胞悬液20 μL，植入细胞后缝合最后1针。

In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc. Conclusion The preparation of CPC is simple.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Results There existed new cartilage and new immature bone tissue in the bone substitute in 4 weeks after operation, as well as mass of cartilageous cells,osteoblasts, collagen tissue and more small vessels were seen. In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。