软骨肉瘤

There were 29 cases of osteogenic sarcoma, 18 chondroma sarcomatosum, 7 maligant enchondroma with pathological fracture, 20 maligant giant cell tumor,and 4 maligant inflammatory myofibroblastoma of the bone.

成骨肉瘤29例，软骨肉瘤18例，潜在恶性内生软骨瘤伴有病理性骨折7例，恶性骨巨细胞瘤20例，恶性炎症性肌纤维母细胞瘤4例。

Usual or conventional chondrosarcoma may be histologically graded as 1 to 3, with grade 1 lesions having the best prognosis .

软骨肉瘤是胸骨最常见的恶性肿瘤，通常见于30~40岁，普通软骨肉瘤病理学上可分为1~3级，1级预后最好。

Our findings demonstrate that in conjunction with clinical and radiographic findings, immunohistochemical evaluation with a panel of D2-40, EMA, brachyury, and GFAP is most useful in distinguishing chordoid meningioma from chordoid glioma, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, chordoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma. A lack of strong, diffuse S100 reactivity may also be useful in excluding chordoid meningioma.

我们的结果表明，结合临床和影像学资料，D2-40、EMA、brachyury和GFAP这样一个免疫标记组合就能很好地鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、骨外的黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤。S100染色不强烈、不弥漫也有助于排除脊索样脑膜瘤的诊断。

EMA was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma, whereas D2-40 was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and chordoma.

EMA是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤最有效的抗体，而D2-40则是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤最有效的抗体。

Therefore, our data show that in cases when clear cell chondrosarcoma and chondroblastoma pose a diagnostic challenge, the presence of type II collagen in the extracellular tumour matrix significantly supports the diagnosis of clear cell chondrosarcoma and aids in distinguishing it from chondroblastoma.

我们的数据表明，在诊断透明细胞软骨肉瘤和成软骨细胞瘤受阻时，细胞外肿瘤基质中II型胶原的存在对于诊断透明细胞软骨肉瘤相当有帮助，并有助于和成软骨细胞瘤间的鉴别。

Staining extent and intensity were evaluated semiquantitatively and mean values for each parameter were calculated. Immunostaining with D2-40 showed positivity in 100% of skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 96% of enchondromas, 95% of low-grade chondrosarcomas, 80% of chordoid meningiomas, and 75% of chordoid gliomas. Staining with S100 demonstrated diffuse, strong positivity in all (100%) chordoid gliomas, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, low-grade chondrosarcomas, and enchondromas, 94% of chordomas, and 81% of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, with focal, moderate staining in 40% of chordoid meningiomas.

我们半定量地评估了这些免疫染色的广度和强度，并且计算了它们各自的平均值。D2-40阳性表达于100%例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、96%例内生性软骨瘤、95%例低级别软骨肉瘤、80%例脊索样脑膜瘤和75%例脊索样胶质瘤。S100染色弥漫且强烈地表达于所有的（100%）脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤和内生性软骨瘤，94%例脊索瘤，81%例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤，还有，局灶性、中度表达于40%例黏液样脑膜瘤。

In this study, immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against D2-40, S100, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, brachyury, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 4 cases of chordoid glioma, 6 skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 10 chordoid meningiomas, 16 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, 18 chordomas, 22 low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 27 enchondromas.

本研究中，我们给4例脊索样胶质瘤、6例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、10脊索样脑膜瘤、16例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、18例脊索瘤、22例低级别软骨肉瘤和27例内生性软骨瘤做了D2-40、S100、pankeratin、上皮膜抗原、brachyury和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组化染色。

There were 22 malignant tumors including 11 osteosarcomas, 5 chondrosarcomas, 2 malignant fibrous histocytomas, and one each of malignant osteoblastoma, alveolar sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone. 28 benign tumors included 27 giant cell tumors of bone and 1 benign fibrous histocytoma.

肿瘤类型：恶性肿瘤22例，其中骨肉瘤11例，软骨肉瘤5例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例，恶性骨母细胞瘤、腺泡状肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、骨巨细胞肉瘤各1例；良性肿瘤28例，其中骨巨细胞瘤27例，良性纤维组织细胞瘤1例。

Both cyclin D1 and cdk4 were present in 1/ 8 (12.5%) osteochondroma of the jaws.

结果 软骨肉瘤cyclin D1和cdk4阳性表达率分别为70%（14/ 20）和65%（13/20），二者的阳性表达存在正相关（rs= 0.526， P 0.05）；而它们在骨软骨瘤的阳性表达率均为12.5%（1/ 8），在软骨瘤无表达，与软骨肉瘤相比有显著性差异（P 0.05）。

No matter what kinds of sarcomatous elements are found in a retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma, its clinical behavior is not the same as high grade fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, or MPNST.

无论在腹膜后去分化型脂肪肉瘤中发现何种类型的其他肉瘤成分，它的临床行为都与高级别纤维肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、或恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤不同。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。