软骨的

Then, under the control of systemic factors, mesenchymal cells aggregate and differentiate to form catilage blastemal elements that prefigure skeletal limb components.

脊椎动物胚胎期骨与关节系统的发生是一种复杂生命现象，起始于中胚层间充质细胞的定向聚集，形成肢芽，然后在一系列作用因子的调控下，肢芽内细胞进一步分化，形成具有骨骼雏形的软骨原基，后者经软骨内骨化发育成骨。

OBJECTIVE: After purification and amplification in vitro, the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced into chondrocytes, and then implanted them at the bottom of nano-hydroxyapatie/chitosan scaffold for combined culture. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of them used in tissue-engineered chondral composite graft.

目的：将体外提纯、扩增的骨髓间充质干细胞诱导成软骨细胞，将其接种于穿&靴&的纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖支架的底部上联合培养，探索其用于组织工程软骨复合体的可行性。

The calcification varies in appearance but can be stippled and amorphous, not unlike the chondroid calcifications seen with extracranial chondrosarcomas.

钙化表现是多样的，可以是斑点状或不定形的，不太类似颅外的软骨肉瘤的软骨钙化。

Importantly, recent analyses8 have begun to reveal new relationships between early vertebrates, in which acanthodians and placoderms are scattered among the early divisions of gnathostome evolution; acanthodians, in particular, are cropping up on chondrichthyan and osteichthyan stem groups.

有颌类包括硬骨鱼类以及软骨鱼类。软骨鱼类仅占有颌类物种数的2%，其余98%的有颌类都属于硬骨鱼类。在硬骨鱼类中，大约一半是辐鳍鱼类，剩余的统称肉鳍鱼类。辐鳍鱼类包括从斑马鱼到多鳍鱼的大约2万8千个种。

There are more than two dozen reported cases of lumbar facet dislocation after rapid deceleration injuries (e.g., traffic accidents), most involving L5 S1.61,112 115 The mechanism of injury in these cases is purported to be a combination of hyperflexion, distraction, and rotation.61,112,116 In a posthumous study conducted in 31 lumbar spines of subjects who died of traumatic injuries,Twomey et al.117 found occult bony fractures in the superior articular process or subchondral bone plate in 35% of victims, and z-joint capsular and/or articular cartilage damage in 77% of cases.

多项研究报道了急性减速伤后发生腰椎小关节分离，多数发生于L5-S1，其机制可能为过度屈曲，分离和旋转。在一项对死亡病例的研究中，Twomey 等发现，31例因交通事故死亡的人中有35%的腰椎上关节突或软骨下骨性终板存在隐匿骨折，77%存在小关节囊和/或关节软骨损伤。作者总结创伤后隐匿性股和软组织损伤也许是腰痛的来源。

BACKGROUND: Subchondral fractures were identified as the most complication of the femoral head necrosis and had important influences on the treatment and prognosis.

摘要背景：软骨下骨折是成人股骨头缺血坏死的重要合并症，对患者的治疗和预后有重要影响，然而有关软骨下骨折的病理及影像学表现尚缺乏深入的研究。

The results show that, after adjusting for potential confounders, very large BMLs at baseline are associated with a significantly higher risk of progression of total tibiofemoral cartilage defects as compared to no BML at baseline.

在基线时无疼痛的健康妇女中，大量的BML与整个胫股关节中软骨缺损的进展和侧面胫骨软骨更迅速的损失具有相关性。

Whilst other brands use mechanical or hand cleaning methods to clean the cartilage which can result in a high flesh-protein content in their final product (which in turn requires strong chemicals and bleaches to sterilize it, disguise its greyer colour and fishier smell), LaneLabs uses a unique series of enzyme baths to clean the cartilage without involving toxic chemicals, radiation or ethylene oxide.

虽然其他品牌采用机械或手工清洗方法，清洗软骨，可以造成很高的肉，蛋白质含量在其最终产品（而这又需要强大的化学品和漂白剂消毒它，掩盖其更灰色的颜色和fishier气味），LaneLabs采用独特的一系列酶浴清理软骨不涉及有毒化学品，辐射或环氧乙烷。

In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc. Conclusion The preparation of CPC is simple.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Results There existed new cartilage and new immature bone tissue in the bone substitute in 4 weeks after operation, as well as mass of cartilageous cells,osteoblasts, collagen tissue and more small vessels were seen. In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。