软骨的

To sum up, we first conclude that we can isolate mesenchymal stem cells from human fetal articular cartilage and they can be induced to differentiae into several cells under appropriate induction conditions. Anymore, they have their original tissue speciality. Therefore, we first report that mesenchymal stem cells of articular cartilage origin are superior to mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow origin as seeding cells of cartilage tissue engineering and we provide a kind of new seeding cells of cartilage tissue engineering for the future clinic application.

综上所述，我们首次报道不仅可从人胚胎的关节软骨中获得间充质干细胞，而且软骨来源的间充质干细胞除具有骨髓来源的间充质干细胞的多向分化能力外，还具有其来源的软骨组织特异性，那么，其作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞要优于骨髓来源的间充质干细胞，从而首次提出了一种新型的软骨组织工程的种子细胞，对于未来的软骨组织工程的临床应用提供理论依据。

Specimens of cartilage on week 1 showed morphologic degeneration with loss of cartilage and chondrocytes,disarrangement of chondrocytes with formation of cluster and loss of proteoglycan which resulted in destaining of toluidine blue staining at superficial cartilage.

术后第1周，关节软骨丢失，软骨层变薄；软骨细胞减少，排列层次紊乱，有簇聚现象；蛋白多糖分泌减少，表面的软骨组织甲苯胺蓝染色失染。

Then the cultivated chondrocytes were embedded in fibrin glue fused on spongy bone, covered with priosteal flap; the complex was used to repair the femoral trochlea osteochondral defect which size is 3mm × 4mm × 4mm made in rabbit knee joint.

在A组的每只兔子的一侧膝关节股骨滑车部人为造成3mm×4mm的骨软骨缺损，骨刀切除软骨下骨到髓腔渗血为止(厚约4mm)，压迫后FG止血；取髂骨骨块，并尽可能保留松质骨，取下的骨块用PBS反复清洗，以除去血细胞，将松质骨填充在骨缺损处，松质骨面朝向关节腔，高度与周边软骨下骨齐平，把骨膜片生发层朝向关节腔，用无创伤缝合线缝合在周边的软骨或滑膜组织上；向EP管中加入1/2悬液体积的FG主体胶溶液并混匀，再与主体胶等体积的催化剂溶液一同注射入骨膜与骨块密闭的腔隙中；同理处理另一侧膝关节。B组处理与A组相比只是不加入软骨细胞；C组造成骨软骨缺损，FG覆盖创面后单纯用骨膜修复缺损。

There was apparent interspace between repaired tissue and surrounding normal tissues. The results indicated that: 1 Although autogenic cartilage obtained from patella in knee joint is limited, chondrocytes cultured in vitro could be regulated by some growth factors, therefore sufficieng and well-phenotype chondrocytes could be harvested to construct tissue engineering implants for transplantation. 2 It showed well therapeutic efficacy with the method of repair in our research.

实验结果表明：①自体膝关节髌骨来源的软骨虽有限，但在体外单层培养时应用生长因子对其进行调控，能为自体关节软骨缺损的移植治疗提供数量充足的、表型良好的软骨细胞以用于构建组织工程移植物；②本实验中所应用的修复方法治疗效果良好，能较有效地克服和解决目前在临床上所用的自体关节软骨细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损时所存在的软骨细胞容易丢失等问题。

The cells in the cambial layer of the periostlum showed low or negative signal in the immediate injury response period. The osteoblasts differentiated from the periosteum cells stained strongly in the intramembranous ossification period, and the differentiated chondrocytes stained most strongly in the chondrogenesis period.

结果 在急性损伤反应期，血肿延伸范围内的骨膜内层细胞有少量表达；在膜内成骨期，成骨细胞表达量较高，骨膜细胞表达量少；在软骨形成期，成熟软骨细胞表达量最高；在软骨内成骨期，肥大软骨细胞不表达，成骨细胞表达量较高。

These experiment focus on the chondroblast induction in MSC, the culture technology in monolayer system and triaxial system,in order to explore the ideal condition of chondroblast induction of MSC,the molecul mechanism of maintenance chondroblast phnotype and the interaction between cells and porous materials.

通过骨髓基质干细胞的原代分离、培养及成软骨诱导，观察原代细胞扩增能力及其向成软骨方向分化的潜能；寻求骨髓基质干细胞向成软骨方向分化的理想诱导条件；u）观察经成软骨诱导的财C在PDLLA、PDLLA／壳聚糖多孔载体上三维的增殖状况，探求细胞与材料间的相互作用；门）观察经成软骨诱导的 MSC在体外三维培养系统中细胞因子的释放状况，了解维持诱导细胞软骨表型的合适条件及作用机制。

Results Extensive and diffuse synovial hyperplasia can be seen in patients with RA;synovial pannus formation can be seen in 25 cases.

结果RA组病人均可见广泛、弥漫的滑膜增生，其中25例病人可见滑膜血管翳形成，而OA组仅7例病人可见轻度滑膜增厚，未见滑膜血管翳形成者(X2=55.78P.005)；RA组关节软骨及软骨下骨改变较严重且弥漫，而OA组软骨退变则较局限，且以关节摩擦大的部位受损为著，其软骨下骨改变较为局限，常常见于IV软骨退变；关节腔积液、半月板及韧带改变，在OA组与RA组之间无差异。

During operation, an intranasal and marginal combining incision was made to expl ore the alar cartilages and to from a mucosal-cartilage flap in the nasal vest ibule. After the deformity of septal cartilage and the abnormalities of the alar base on the cleft side were repaired, the total alar cartilage was repositioned and rotated with suspension and V-Y advancement to correct the nasal deformiti es. Results Since 1993, a total of 92 cases were treated by the above p rocedure and satisfactory results were obtained.

手术经鼻端和患侧前庭联合切口，解剖、显露双侧鼻翼软骨，同时形成患侧前庭粘膜软骨瓣；在纠正鼻中隔软骨偏曲，松解患侧鼻肌复合体起点，使鼻翼脚无张力抬高后，再通过悬吊技术和粘膜软骨瓣的V-Y推进，将患侧鼻翼软骨进行整体旋转复位；最后，应用口轮匝肌上部纤维内收抬高鼻翼脚，用鼻肌复合体起点复位调整鼻孔形态，完成鼻畸形的矫正。

In present study, we used the adult rabbits articular chondrocytes as the object of study, we researched the effect of TGF-β1 to promote chondrocytes proliferation and preserve the synthetise of special stroma in order to provide theortically and clinically basis of culture and proliferation in vitro of a-dult people articular chondrocytes.

材料与方法 1。成年兔关节软骨细胞分离、培养：取18月龄的成年日本大耳白兔1只，处死，片状切取关节软骨，解剖刀将软骨切成1.0mm~3大小碎块，消化，过滤，离心，收集关节软骨细胞，加入DMEM培养液(含20％胎牛血清、青霉素100U／ml，链霉素100U／ml)，调整细胞密度为2.5×10~5／ml，置于37℃，5％CO_2孵育箱内培养。

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive erosion of articular cartilage as well as the thickening of subchondral bone. Both extracellular matrix damage and severe loss of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage participate in the process.

骨关节炎是以关节软骨进行性破坏及软骨下骨增生为特征的关节退行性病变，软骨基质的破坏以及软骨细胞的大量丧失参与了发病过程，在骨关节炎软骨组织中软骨细胞呈现过度凋亡的状态，凋亡在细胞丧失过程中发挥着重要作用。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。