软骨的

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Methods 18 New Zealand white rabbits were selected and a full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defect was made on the right knee femoral trochlea of each by using Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System.

目的 采用自体骨软骨移植系统(Osteochondral Autograft Transfer System，OATS)修复软骨缺损，术后12 w 比较修复软骨与正常关节软骨的压缩力学特性，观察修复软骨的组织学结构。

Autologous MSC can be obtained easily,their source in human are plenty , own active proliferationand potential to difference into chondroblast.

自体骨髓基质干细胞来源丰富，取材容易，具有旺盛的增殖能力及向成软骨细胞分化的潜能，已成为软骨组织工程的首选种子细胞，但MSC诱导分化为成软骨细胞且应用于软骨组织工程的技术尚不十分完善，目前主要采用的技术为细胞团块离心管培养，其构建的软骨组织在力学性能上很难达到关节软骨的要求。

Autologous MSC can be obtained easily, their source in human are plenty, own active proliferation and potential to difference into chondroblast. Now MSC become the chief seed-cell in cartilage tissue engineer, but the technology to stimulate MSC differentiate into chondroblast is not very successful, the standard technology is culture the cell-ball in centrifuge tube, the reconstructured cartilage-like tissue is not achieve the mechanics of hyaline cartilage.

自体骨髓基质干细胞来源丰富，取材容易，具有旺盛的增殖能力及向成软骨细胞分化的潜能，已成为软骨组织工程的首选种子细胞，但MSC诱导分化为成软骨细胞且应用于软骨组织工程的技术尚不十分完善，目前主要采用的技术为细胞团块离心管培养，其构建的软骨组织在力学性能上很难达到关节软骨的要求。

Autologous MSC can be obtained easily,their source in human are plenty , own active proliferationand potential to difference into chondroblast. Now MSC become the chief seed-cell in cartilage tissue engineer , but the technology to stimulate MSC differentiate into chondroblast is not very successful,,the standard technology is culture the cell-ball in centrifuge tube,the reconstructured cartilage-like tissue is not achieve the mechanics of hyaline cartilage.

自体骨髓基质干细胞来源丰富，取材容易，具有旺盛的增殖能力及向成软骨细胞分化的潜能，已成为软骨组织工程的首选种子细胞，但MSC诱导分化为成软骨细胞且应用于软骨组织工程的技术尚不十分完善，目前主要采用的技术为细胞团块离心管培养，其构建的软骨组织在力学性能上很难达到关节软骨的要求。

Objective To test the hypothesis that chondrocytes can promote in vivo chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of BMSCs at non-chondrogensis site.

目的探讨软骨细胞在体内非软骨形成部位促进骨髓基质细胞向软骨分化并形成软骨的可行性。

Surgical maneuvers such as freeing the skin from the cartilages, transfixion incisions, cephalic trim, intercartilaginous incisions, and division of the lower lateral cartilages may disrupt the supporting system and change the positions of these cartilages.

一些手术操作，如：软骨表面的皮肤剥离，贯穿切口，软骨头部切除，软骨内切口，和分离下外侧软骨等。可能会破坏支持系统和改变软骨的位置。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

It is further confirmed by the experiment of muti-inducement that MSMPs can differentiate into osteocyte sand fibrocartilage cytes and it is osteo-chondro progenitor cells with the potential ability to evolve muti-differentiated. This added evidence to the view that condylar cartilage differentiated from osteo-chondro progenitor cells in the mesenchymal cells of mancibular periosteal.

体外分离培养鼠胚下颌体骨膜间质细胞并研究其生物学特性，通过多向诱导实验进一步证实：下颌骨膜间质细胞可能为骨—软骨的前体细胞，可分化为成骨细胞及纤维软骨细胞，具有多向分化潜能，此结果进一步支持髁突软骨是由下颌骨膜间质中骨—软骨前体细胞发育而来。

Cartilage cells which are the only adult hyaline cartilage cells synthesize and secrete high specifical cartilage matrix.

关节软骨是一种特殊的结缔组织，覆盖在关节的负重面上，由软骨细胞及细胞外基质所构成，软骨细胞是成人透明软骨的惟一细胞，它合成与分泌高特异性的软骨基质。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。