软骨瘤

Careful evaluation of the calcifications is necessary to avoid confusion with other lesions such as osteosarcoma, chondroma, osteochondroma, or chordoma.

仔细辨认这些钙化是非常重要的，以便于和其它病变相鉴别，入骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、软骨瘤、骨软骨瘤等。

Symptoms inquring,nasal respiratory,X ray,CTand MRI images were no valuable for the diagosis of chondroma.Their diagnosis was made based on pathohistology.The chondroma were often damaged in the most of the cases.Suryery is an effective method on chondroma.

鼻窦鼻咽部软骨瘤病因不明，多数学者认为可能是来源于异位的软骨胚芽及头颅软骨遗基的残余，如果只靠症状及鼻腔检查、X线摄片、 CT及MRI扫描一般不能诊断本病，病理是诊断软骨瘤的金指标，治疗则以手术为主。

Early enhancement was seen in chondrosarcoma, not seen in enchondroma, and seen in osteochondroma only when growth plates were unfused.

早期增强可出现在软骨肉瘤病例中，亦出现在骺板未融合的骨软骨瘤病例中，但不出现在内生型软骨瘤中。

Our findings demonstrate that in conjunction with clinical and radiographic findings, immunohistochemical evaluation with a panel of D2-40, EMA, brachyury, and GFAP is most useful in distinguishing chordoid meningioma from chordoid glioma, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, chordoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma. A lack of strong, diffuse S100 reactivity may also be useful in excluding chordoid meningioma.

我们的结果表明，结合临床和影像学资料，D2-40、EMA、brachyury和GFAP这样一个免疫标记组合就能很好地鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、骨外的黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤。S100染色不强烈、不弥漫也有助于排除脊索样脑膜瘤的诊断。

EMA was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma, whereas D2-40 was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and chordoma.

EMA是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤最有效的抗体，而D2-40则是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤最有效的抗体。

Some authors prefer the term "hamartochondroma" or "chondromatous hamartoma" to distinguish these lesions from the much rarer vascular hamartomas that do not contain cartilage.

一些学者喜欢使用错构软骨瘤或软骨错构瘤这一名词，以便和更罕见的不含软骨的血管错构瘤区分。

Staining extent and intensity were evaluated semiquantitatively and mean values for each parameter were calculated. Immunostaining with D2-40 showed positivity in 100% of skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 96% of enchondromas, 95% of low-grade chondrosarcomas, 80% of chordoid meningiomas, and 75% of chordoid gliomas. Staining with S100 demonstrated diffuse, strong positivity in all (100%) chordoid gliomas, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, low-grade chondrosarcomas, and enchondromas, 94% of chordomas, and 81% of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, with focal, moderate staining in 40% of chordoid meningiomas.

我们半定量地评估了这些免疫染色的广度和强度，并且计算了它们各自的平均值。D2-40阳性表达于100%例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、96%例内生性软骨瘤、95%例低级别软骨肉瘤、80%例脊索样脑膜瘤和75%例脊索样胶质瘤。S100染色弥漫且强烈地表达于所有的（100%）脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤和内生性软骨瘤，94%例脊索瘤，81%例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤，还有，局灶性、中度表达于40%例黏液样脑膜瘤。

In this study, immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against D2-40, S100, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, brachyury, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 4 cases of chordoid glioma, 6 skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 10 chordoid meningiomas, 16 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, 18 chordomas, 22 low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 27 enchondromas.

本研究中，我们给4例脊索样胶质瘤、6例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、10脊索样脑膜瘤、16例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、18例脊索瘤、22例低级别软骨肉瘤和27例内生性软骨瘤做了D2-40、S100、pankeratin、上皮膜抗原、brachyury和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组化染色。

There hae been a few reported cases of bursal osteochondromatosis inoling the retrocalcaneal, subacromial, and subcoracoid bursae2,10,11; howeer, infrapatellar bursal osteochondromatosis has neer been reported in the English-language literature, to our knowledge.

已报道的粘液囊骨软骨瘤病病例包括跟骨后、肩峰下及喙突下粘液囊的骨软骨瘤病；然而，据我们所知，髌骨下粘液囊骨软骨瘤病的报道却从未在英文文献中见到过。

Both cyclin D1 and cdk4 were present in 1/ 8 (12.5%) osteochondroma of the jaws.

结果 软骨肉瘤cyclin D1和cdk4阳性表达率分别为70%（14/ 20）和65%（13/20），二者的阳性表达存在正相关（rs= 0.526， P 0.05）；而它们在骨软骨瘤的阳性表达率均为12.5%（1/ 8），在软骨瘤无表达，与软骨肉瘤相比有显著性差异（P 0.05）。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。