软骨形成

Specimens were harvested at the 2nd and 4th week after injection, and stained with HE and toluidine blue.

在注入无载体的软骨细胞悬液组，部分动物的皮下注射点有少量软骨组织形成，而在注入无细胞的藻酸钙载体组则未见软骨形成。

In summary, hyaluronic acid and autologous synovial fluid induces chondrogenesis of equine mesenchymal stem cells, which encourage tissue engineering applications of MSC in chondral defects, as the natural environment in the joint is favorable for chondrogenic differentiation.

总之，透明质酸和自体关节液诱导马的间充质干细胞的软骨形成，这鼓励组织工程在软骨缺损修复中应用间充质干细胞，因为关节自然环境是有利于软骨形成分化。

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of in vivo chondrogenesis by co-culture of bone marrow-derived MSCs and chondrocytes.

背景：诱导因子及软骨微环境是影响骨髓基质干细胞成软骨分化及软骨形成的主要因素。

Objective To test the hypothesis that chondrocytes can promote in vivo chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of BMSCs at non-chondrogensis site.

目的探讨软骨细胞在体内非软骨形成部位促进骨髓基质细胞向软骨分化并形成软骨的可行性。

Prior studies examined the effects of mechanical loading on osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and fibrogenesis in an effort to enhance bony union.

以前的研究检测了加强骨愈合过程中，机械负荷对成骨作用、软骨形成和纤维形成的影响。

Results (1) Primary callus came into being 3 days after operation. Mesenchymal cells from peripheral tissues around the primary callus were differentiated into chondrocytes 1 week later. Endochondral ossification was going on then. Bridging callus was formed in the fracture sites 4 weeks after operation.

结果 (1)伤后3 d开始形成原始骨痂。1周时肉芽组织中的间质细胞开始分化为软骨细胞，软骨形成后再进行软骨内化骨。4周时形成连接骨折端的桥接骨痂。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

The repair results of defects were observed after 4, 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: In experimental group, no obvious new cartilage formation was seen 4 weeks after operation; some new cartilage formation was found after 12 weeks. Histological observation showed that chondrocytes had irregular edge, honeycombing structure and that cartilage cavities formed around the chondrocytes.

结果 实验组术后 4周缺损表面未见明显的新生软骨形成；12周，缺损表面有少量的新生软骨形成，组织学切片上可见软骨细胞呈边缘不规则的，小蜂窝状结构，软骨细胞周围有软骨陷窝形成；2 4周，缺损表面的新生软骨较 4、12周的新生软骨明显，表面光滑，且与周围组织结合紧密，但仍存在部分缺损尚未修复。

In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc. Conclusion The preparation of CPC is simple.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Results There existed new cartilage and new immature bone tissue in the bone substitute in 4 weeks after operation, as well as mass of cartilageous cells,osteoblasts, collagen tissue and more small vessels were seen. In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。