软骨内的

Result: Cellular proliferation and ground substance were secreted of the superficial layer articular cartilage by passive movements, and the new fillers were close to the normal articular cartilages.

结果：被动运动最能使浅层部分损伤软骨内的软骨细胞增生及基质分泌，使受损软骨表面的新生填充物接近于正常的软骨结构。

For answers, the researchers examined samples of notochord cells from adult dogs, with attention to their effect on the regulation of important genes in chondrocytes, or cells found in cartilage.

回答此问题，研究人员检查成年犬的脊索细胞，注意到他们对软骨细胞或软骨内的细胞重要基因表达有调节作用。

The blank group, the pure chondrogenic inductor group and the group of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain mixed with chondrogenic inductor. We adopted pro-culture solution, pure chondrogenic induced culture solution （ TGF-β310ug/L , Dex10-7mol/L , VitC50mg/L ） and the chondrogenic induced culture solution which included the serum of the G ranula. All groups were cultivated in 50ml cell culture bottles. The effects of the G ranula of P enetrating Bone and Removing Pain on chondrogenic phenotype differentiation of BMSCs were investigated after being cultivated for 1, 2, 3 weeks, then cells observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and immunocytochemical stain.

3将第2代SD大鼠BMSCs分为空白对照组、单纯软骨诱导剂组及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清加软骨诱导剂组，采用原培养液、软骨诱导培养液（TGF-β310ug/L，Dex10-7mol/L，VitC50mg/L）及透骨消痛颗粒含药血清的软骨诱导培养液，50ml细胞培养瓶内进行培养，1、2、3周后通过倒置相差显微镜及免疫细胞化学染色等实验技术，研究透骨消痛颗粒对BMSCs诱导成软骨细胞的影响。

The cells in the cambial layer of the periostlum showed low or negative signal in the immediate injury response period. The osteoblasts differentiated from the periosteum cells stained strongly in the intramembranous ossification period, and the differentiated chondrocytes stained most strongly in the chondrogenesis period.

结果 在急性损伤反应期，血肿延伸范围内的骨膜内层细胞有少量表达；在膜内成骨期，成骨细胞表达量较高，骨膜细胞表达量少；在软骨形成期，成熟软骨细胞表达量最高；在软骨内成骨期，肥大软骨细胞不表达，成骨细胞表达量较高。

Elastic fibers were well-distributed,and vascular endothelial cell did not immigrate.We suggested that expression of ectogenic VEGF triggered paracrine and autocrine of VEGF of chondrocyte and co-acted with VEGF receptor 2 to enhance permeability of chondrocyte and improve internal construct of engineering cartilage,and prevent vascularize proceed.

转VEGF基因软骨细胞作为组织工程的种子细胞与pluronic F-127复合后可于裸鼠体内形成转基因组织工程软骨，与对照组相比，转VEGF基因组织工程软骨具良好的生物学特性，结构均一且与正常软骨组织相似，软骨ECM的GAG、COLⅡ、COLⅩ增多，RunX2、Sox9表达增高，细胞处于增生期的肥大状态，初步分析其原因可能是转染后外源性的VEGF持续表达触发了软骨细胞VEGF自分泌，并通过VEGFR-2作用于软骨细胞，提高了软骨细胞活性，促进其存活与增殖，但未在软骨组织内引起血管内皮细胞的迁移及小血管形成。

Results Among the three groups,the children's rib cartilage had the most blood vessels,the most chondrocytes,well-distributed stain of matrixes,and the type Ⅱ collagen was expressed actively and highest in photedensity.The rib cartilage of teenager group had less blood vessels,unhomogeny distributed stain of matrixes,the enlarged and separated cartilage lacunas.The rib cartilage in adult group showed the least blood vessels,the least chondrocytes.the hyalinization of perichondium,the most deposition of calcium salt,and the type II collagen was expressed at the lowest level in photodensity.

结果 儿童组肋软骨膜血管最丰富，软骨基质染色均匀，软骨细胞数目最多，Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达最活跃，平均积分光密度值最高；青少年组软骨膜内血管减少，软骨基质染色出现明显的不均质状，软骨陷窝体积变大，并呈分隔状，陷窝内软骨细胞数目减少，II型胶原蛋白表达较儿童组减弱；成人组软骨膜血管、细胞成分明显减少，软骨膜内的纤维成分明显玻璃样变，钙盐沉积较青少年组时明显增多，Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达较青少年组减弱。

Surgical maneuvers such as freeing the skin from the cartilages, transfixion incisions, cephalic trim, intercartilaginous incisions, and division of the lower lateral cartilages may disrupt the supporting system and change the positions of these cartilages.

一些手术操作，如：软骨表面的皮肤剥离，贯穿切口，软骨头部切除，软骨内切口，和分离下外侧软骨等。可能会破坏支持系统和改变软骨的位置。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix,the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less;the ECM of cartilage are compised of type II collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury,the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow,but because of without stimulation mechanism,the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages,they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics;the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation,thus,the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.Ever since,people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。