软腭

Results:Length of soft palate and distance from tip of the uvula to NS were negatively related to the retropalatal airway both in sitting and supine position.

结果：两种体位下腭后气道大小与软腭长度及悬雍垂顶点到颅底距离均呈显著负相关，两种体位下腭后气道有显著差异。

If a patient does not extend the tongue far enough for the circumvallate papillae to be seen, the examiner uses a gauze pad to grasp the tip of the tongue and extend it to the desired position.

对唇部作扪诊，同时令患者张口，用舌板检查颊粘膜和口腔前庭；然后巡检硬软腭，悬雍垂和口咽部。请患者尽快地伸出舌，暴露舌背，并且尽快地向每侧移动舌，这样就可看到舌的后侧表面。

Results There were about 20 or so abnormal manifestations after stroke and swallowing organs dysfunction include abnormal lip closure, decreased tongue motility, weakness of palate, decreased or disappeared gag reflex, abnormal lift of larynx and insufficient opening of cricopharyngeal muscle.

临床检查所明确的吞咽器官异常包括唇闭合无力、舌运动减弱、软腭麻痹、咽反射减弱或消失、喉上抬异常或消失、环咽肌打开不全的敏感度及阴性预测值普遍较高，敏感度、特异度、阳性、阴性预测值最好的临床指标分别是唇闭合无力（84.62％），环咽肌打开不全（80.96％），舌运动减弱（67.75％），唇闭合无力（90.91％）。

Obojective Based on the homologic anatomy study of soft palate, establishthe model of velopharyngoplasty, and collect OSAHS patientspreoperation and postoperation pharynx morphological changes, summing upits technical characteristics; explore the mechanism of VPP mechnism by themeasurement of velopharyngeal cavity during operation and that of system CTmeasurement.

孙建军；孔维佳华中科技大学，耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，2009年，博士目的在软腭解剖学的基础上，建立腭帆成形术手术模型，并收集OSAHS患者手术前、后腭咽腔形态学变化，总结其技术特点。

Methods:①Make clinical scale of the magnitude of the tongue and the palate to the group of the OSAHS and the normal control②Successive scanning of the upper airway at the states of the normal inspiration and under the Müller action on both normal controls and the OSAHS patients with multi-slice spiral computed tomography. The scope of scanning was from the roof of nasopharynx to the level of hypohyal, bonding multiplate volume reconstruction,using the image workstation to survey the cross section area, sagittal diameter, coronal diameter on the soft tissue thickness in the lateral pharyngealwall and posterior wall of the pharynx, and the postzone of soft palate, uvula palatine ,tongue and epiglottis.

采用高分辨率多排CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography，MSCT)对正常人和OSAHS患者的上呼吸道分别在平静吸气状态下以及Müller动作下进行连续扫描，扫描范围从鼻咽顶部至舌骨下缘，图象进行三维重建，应用图像工作站测量正常人和OSAHS患者的软腭后区(retropalatal region，RP)、悬雍垂后区(uvula region，UV)、舌后区(retroglossal region，RG)和会厌后区(epiglottal region，EPG)气道横截面积(cross section area，CSA)、矢状径、冠状径、咽侧壁和咽后壁软组织厚度以及舌体大小(包括舌体长度、舌体最宽处的宽度、中纵切面面积，舌背高度)。

According to normal palatopharyngeal data,retaining softpalate of patients with OSAS in uppp had got good operative effects and decreased postoperative complication.

UPPP参照正常人腭咽指标保留软腭长度获得良好的手术效果，同时控制了并发症的发生。

ConclusionThis technique is useful to repair soft palate fissure after palatorrhaphy and reconstruct the palatopharyngeal function.......

Furlow法联合双侧松弛切口整复腭裂术后软腭复裂是一种有效的手术方法。腭裂；Furlow法；双反向Z字交叉法；松弛切口

Follow-up 1 month later, the patients had good function of velopharyngeal closure.conclusionthis technique is useful to repair soft palate fissure after palatorrhaphy and reconstruct the palatopharyngeal function.

术后1月复诊，腭中部伤口及双侧松弛切口愈合良好，腭咽闭合功能得到明显改善，效果良好。结论：furlow法联合双侧松弛切口整复腭裂术后软腭复裂是一种有效的手术方法。

Results:Palatopharyngeal data of normal adults and patients with OSAS are as followed,length of softpalate:27.68±7.17 mm,29.94±4.71 mm(P＜0.05);width of uvula:8.40±1.18 mm, 10.74±1.68 mm(p＜0.01);length of uvula:10.20±2.85 mm,11.94±2.84 mm (P＜0.01);distance of pharyx:23.70±7.05 mm,19.87±4.40 mm(P＜0.05);distance of palatopharyx:12.36±3.97 mm,9.80±2.90 mm(P＜0.01).All of which were significantly different.

结果：正常人和OSAS患者所测腭咽解剖指标分别为：软腭长(27.68±7.17)mm，(29.94±4.71)mm(P＜0.05)；悬壅垂宽(8.40±1.18)mm，(10.74±1.68)mm(P＜0.01)；悬雍垂长(10.20±2.85)mm，(11.94±2.48)mm(P＜0.01)；咽侧距(23.70±7.05)mm，(19.87±4.40)mm(P＜0.05)；腭咽距(12.36±3.97)mm，(9.80±2.90)mm(P＜0.01)，均存在显著差异。

Efforts were exerted to ensure the two opposite complex palatopharyngeus sutured with each other, but some gaps remained.

将扁桃体复合瓣向后上旋转，在软腭平面缝合于咽后壁创面，两侧腭咽肌在中线拉拢缝合，扁桃体之间留小缝隙。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。