软组织

Soft tissue augmentation is one of the most used therapeutic methods in the plastic surgery.

软组织填充术是整形外科使用最广泛的治疗手段之一，因而探索理想的软组织组织填充材料具有重要的临床意义。

Methods 93 patients(63 men and 31 women,average aged 36.6 years)with soft-tissue mass in the skin of scalp proved by surgical pathology(n=41),bioscopy(n=13) or clinic information(n=39) were analyzed.

将头皮软组织肿块定义为凡于颅骨外板之外的头皮中所形成软组织肿块，包含累及或未累及颅骨的肿块(不包含外伤性头皮血肿及新生儿产瘤、原发颅骨肿瘤)。

Results: In the 23 cases of disease group, 16 cases were unilateral and 7 cases were bilateral. X-ray examination showed local prominence between ischium and pubis in all cases. Lamellar changes of the bone inhomogeneous in density with round translucence were found in 8 cases accompanied with intact cortex. Mild osseous hyperplasia was found in 8 cases without changes of periosteum and soft tissues. CT examination of 8 cases presented with local prominence between iscbium and pubis, translucence, cataclasm, discontiguous osteal cortex with irregular ends, sclerotic medullary cavity of honey surroundings, but no sequestration and changes of periosteum and soft tissues. The above-mentiooed X-ray features appeared in 14 cases among normal group, bilateral in 3 cases.

结果：病变组23例中，16例为单侧，7例为双侧。X线表现为坐骨耻骨结合处局限性骨膨隆，8例有层状改变，病变区内密度不均，有类圆形低密度透光影，骨皮质完整，8例周围骨质轻度增生，未见骨膜反应和软组织改变。8例CT表现为坐骨耻骨结合处局部膨大，其内有低密度透光区，有碎裂，骨皮质连续性中断，断端边缘欠整齐，邻近的髓腔轻度硬化，无明显的死骨和骨膜反应，邻近的软组织正常；正常组中14例出现上述X线改变，其中3例为双侧性。

There are differences in upper lip and mentolabial sulcus. For class III malocclusion there are significant differences in lower lip and mentolabial sulcus. There are differences in subnasale . Campared with the facial soft tissue thickness of class II malocclusion , for class III malocclusion there are significant differences in lower lip. There are differences in subnasale and upper lip.

与安氏Ⅰ类错合患者相比，安氏Ⅱ类错合患者的颅面部软组织覆盖厚度在鼻底部有显著性差异，在上唇和颏唇沟有差异；安氏III类错合患者的颅面部软组织覆盖厚度在下唇和颏唇沟有显著性差异，在鼻底部有差异；安氏Ⅱ类错合患者的颅面部软组织覆盖厚度与安氏III类错合患者相比，在下唇有显著性差异，在鼻底部和上唇有差异。

Methods Making a pediculated skin graft on dog's upper lip ,and then got it into oral cavity via the "skin tunnel", laying it on the maxillary bone surface (the same size of the alveolar mucosa has been removed),and suturing the graft edges with its surrouding alveolar mucosa.

目的 观察钛种植体与口腔内非牙龈黏膜软组织形成的界面情况；同时观察种植体与周围软组织间隙&龈沟液&的量及其中的天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的水平变化与软组织周围炎症的关系。

The forehead skin tissue was expanded during five week . A triangle-shaped forehead flap with lateral supratrochlear artery was designed over the expanded forehead skin tissue and used for a nasal defect .

方法在前额部的软组织下放入软组织扩张器，经过5周的时间将皮肤软组织扩张，在其上设计以一侧滑车上动脉为蒂的三叶状的前额皮瓣，向下反转重建外鼻。

Soft-tissue masses: abut against bone leision, homogeneous or unhomogeneous density and signal intensity, well-demarcated boundary on T2-weighted images.

软组织内难以定性的钙质样高密度影：位于骨外软组织内、软组织肿块内部或边缘，CT上呈斑点状、不规则条块状钙质样高密度影，边界清楚或，不清楚。结果57例骨髓炎病人中，54例行CT检查，14例行MR检查。

Cutting process of soft tissue and organs is very important in virtual surgery simulation. Tetrahedron is widely used to construct the geometric model of virtual organs. Efficient methods must be developed to split or merge tetrahedrons in order to adapt to topology changes during cutting process. The main parts of this thesis are the two chapters on "Reconstruction of Tetrahedrons" and "Stability of Tetrahedrons".Main research work I have done is listed as follows:1 Reconstruction of Tetrahedrons.

人体软组织及器官的切割仿真是虚拟手术仿真的重要组成部分，软组织及器官的几何模型普遍采用四面体模型，切割的同时，软组织及器官的拓扑结构发生变化，模型中的部分四面体基元必须能够通过分裂或合并以适应上述变化，医学数据在三维场景中的交互和可视化是手术仿真的基本要求，因此，第二章&四面体重构&以及第三章&四面体单元稳定性&是本文重点讨论的两个部分。

Results The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70±5.50 mm and 8.54±3.67 mm respectivevy, p＜0.01).Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%,P＜0.05)and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6±17.8 mm2 and 41.6±12.6 mm2, respectively, P＜0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis .The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ehmoid sinusitis.

结果 全中甲或中甲下部气化的发生率随前筛、上颌窦内软组织影增厚而升高；有额窦炎组病人的鼻丘气房最大纵向垂径明显大于无额窦炎组(分别为11.7±5.5 mm和8.5±3.7 mm，P＜0.01)；Haller气房在上颌窦炎组和非上颌窦炎组的发生率无显著差异，但前组发生炎症的Haller气房明显多于后组(分别为77.8%和33.3%，P＜0.05)，且前组Haller气房的冠状位截面积明显大于后组(分别为91.6±17.8 mm2和41.6±12.6 mm2，P＜0.05)；钩突角度随上颌窦内软组织增厚而减小；筛泡冠状位截面积随前筛窦内软组织增厚而增大(P＜0.01)。

However, the mechanics of soft tissue is the critical in influencing the whole plantar pressure. We use an instrument to measure the load and displacement relationship of heel pad that development by our laboratory to measure mechanics of soft tissue in order to approach approximately to the experiment data. Then make use of the curve fitting to obtain material parameter that necessary of analysis. Finally, the result and experiment will be verified.

而软组织的力学性质是影响整体足压大小的关键，为了使研究的分析结果更接近实验数值，软组织力学性质量测利用实验室所开发的软组织力量位移量测器取得，再利用曲线模拟的方式得知分析所需材料参数，最后将分析所得结果与实验进行验证。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。