软体

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

We can use software to do most calculation but not use hardware. The most basic circuit doing calculation in the computer is binary adder. For example, we can use of addition to do subtracting, continuous adding to do multiplication, and continuous subtracting to do division.

在电脑的世界里，可以做任何数字系统且复杂的演算，但是大多数的演算都藉由软体来解决，而非用硬体直接进行各种演算，电脑的硬体或其他数位电路在做算术运算时，最基本的电路往往只有二进位加法器而已，至於减法可藉由补数的加法解决，乘法等於连续的加法，除法则是连续的减法，可见加法器在运算数位系统中的重要性。

In such doing, this dissertation serves as a step stone for papers of its counterparts to come, and, more importantly, it proposes a strategic alternative to the realization of models for image processing. This dissertation consists of three major parts. In the first part, detailed discussions and delicate analyses of academic papers on Cellular Neural Network will be provided in the hope of helping us see the potentiality of Cellular Neural Network in the applications of image processing. I will focus on the aforementioned limitations on hardware compilation as well. In the second part, I will put forth "texture analysis" as one basic model of analysis when we apply Cellular Neural Network to image processing. In this so-called texture analysis, a useful "spatial feature" is especially drawn to help us overcome possible problems of more complicated Cellular Neural Network applications in image processing."Spatial feature" also serves as a well-functioning mechanism for technology of image identification. In the last part of this thesis, I will look into a case study, where Cellular Neural Network is applied to help de-screen document image. Using it as an example, we will see how algorithms of Cellular Neural Network may be of marvelous use in applications in document image processing, since it would reduce a great deal of calculation and computation when applied to software compilation, yet opens up unlimited possibilities for higher-speed hardware compilation of high-level image processing.

这篇论文主要可以分为三大部分：在第一部份里，我们会详细地说明并讨论在过去到现在大部分将分子类神经网路应用於影像处理的相关文献及未来所有可能的发展和技术，另外也将分子类神经网路作一完整的介绍，除此之外，我们也会特别著重於分子类神经网路在影像处理相关应用理论的讨论以及其硬体实现化的考量；在第二部分里，我们提出了一个将分子类神经网路应用於影像辨识处理的基础分析—纹路分析，这是由於纹路分析的复杂性和普遍性会使得分子类神经网路於高阶影像处理的应用不会只局限在单一的影像处理技术，其中我们也提出了一个相当有用的空间特徵，此一特徵不但可以使复杂地高阶影像处理能够应用分子类神经网路，也为影像辨识技术提供了一个很好的辨识机制；在最后一部分里，我们也将文件影像分析做了一个完整的剖析，并以文件影像的去网点为例来说明在实际情况下的分子类神经网路的应用，如此演算法的开发也为文件影像处理提供了更多实际的应用，更考量了文件影像处理若以软体实现时的计算量负荷，而对未来高阶数位影像处理能够以硬体实现来提高处理速度提供了无限的可能。

English Description The goal of this course is that the students will learn a system design and verification methodology under a provided system protoyping platform. First, the system partitioning techniques will be applied from given a system specification. Then, system hardware and software design method base on FPGA systems will be implemented and studies,respectively. Finally, System functional verification techniques will be discussed.

Chinese Description 本课程的目标在於使学生学习利用FPGA系统来完成一个系之设计与验证的方法，同时在系设计过程了解如何从系统规格之下做软硬体的分割，进而学习系统之软体及硬体之设计技术，系统设计的功能之正确性的验证方法也将在本课程中探考。

In addition, the Pre-fetch Mechanism is implemented to resolve the problem on inefficient scattered memory access. The HW memory access efficiency is increased by modifying SW operation flow and achieves 1.15 times speed-up.

此外，我们亦进行了与软硬体皆有关的预先读取改善机制，针对DDR2零散且非连续位址资料存取的问题，藉由改变软体流程来提升硬体存取DDR2的效率，实验结果显示整体效能亦有1.15倍的提升。

The "Christmas tree" fire simulator creates the conditions encountered during the control and suppression of a fire in industrial pipes. The main use of the product may provide the populace and the fire fighter to understand industrial piping fire burning scenario, therefore, it can establish knowledge for the industrial piping fire protection. The cabinet pattern type (42ft×8-1/2ft size) is a mobile fire simulator. These models own the potential to be developed into commercial products. It not only provides with the training purposes for the fire disaster relief personnel, but also can provide the scene of a fire situation data to give the academic circles in using of the research.

火灾可视为烧毁一切的一种直接损失，近年来国内火灾频传，消防人员必须位於第一线面临火场带来的威胁性，如能建立一个模拟火灾实际情境之软、硬体设备，提供真实火场的救灾人员模拟训练与展示，并配合运用电脑软体规划模拟各种燃烧之性质，必能有效达到推广防灾、消防方面的宣导，并且建立此火灾模拟器为模组化设备，使模拟器更具商品化之价值。

Polyvinyl fluoride resin reinforce soft stain remover is designed and constructed on the basis of soft stains remover. It is integrated with high strength steel pike stains removing device.

聚氨酯加强型软体除垢器是在软体清管器基础上，经特殊工艺加工的带有高强度钢钉组成的除垢机具。

Polyvinyl fluoride resin soft scale remover is designed based on soft pipe cleaner and especially manufactured pipe scale removing device equipped with steel brushes.

聚氨酯软体除垢器是在软体清管器基础上，经特殊工艺加工的带有除垢钢刷组成的清管除垢机具。

This category lists websites of software companies, such as software developers, resellers.

这个类别接受各种有关软体公司的网站，包括软体开发商，经销商等等。

In this study, the concentration of Carbon-Monoxide along and near the major roads at Coimbatore west zone due to vehicular emission is predicted using the Air Quality Modelling Software Called CALINE4 model.

此研究使用CALINE4模型的软体来预测空气品质，将SO2，Nox，CO等污染气体，以2004年之调查资料为研究范围，将预测后结果运用地理资讯系之MAPINFO软体，使用其之主体图呈现方式，将其呈现出来。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。