轮廓

The first and second derivatives of the coordinates of a cam profile are calculated using numerical differentiation method,and substituted with curvature radius formulas in calculus,thus obtaining its curvature radius.

应用数值微分法计算凸轮廓线坐标的一、二阶导数，代入微积分学中曲率半径公式，即得凸轮廓线的曲率半径。

In order to further extract open contour segment, such as circular arc, from a closed contour, a technique that combines parameters identification and contour vertices extraction was put forward.

为了抽取开放的规则轮廓段，提出了特徵参数识别和特徵轮廓抽取交互进行、有机结合的技术。为了抽取开放的自由曲线段，提出了基于转角映射的特徵连接点辨识技术。

System speaking of the Master CAM, first must establish the components the geometry model, according to the components actual size, draws its processing part the contour line, does not need to draw the entire components the model, guaranteed the computation production the cutting tool way coordinates accuracy, and may use the Master CAM Chinese Library level the function, when determination cutting tool way, transfers or the hideaway, the selective treatment needs contour line; Next, the formulation processing craft and the definite craft parameter, chooses the cutting tool, the processing semi finished materials, the work piece origin of coordinates again and so on, establishes the work piece coordinates system, definite work piece coordinate system and engine bed coordinate system relative size, thus obtains the components processing correct cutting tool way; Finally, the simulation function which system provides using the Master CAM, the realization simulation processing.

对于Master CAM系统而言，首先要建立零件的几何模型，根据零件的实际尺寸，画出其加工部分的轮廓线，无需画出整个零件的模型，以保证计算生成的刀具路径坐标的正确性，并可利用Master CAM中图层的功能，在确定刀具路径时，加以调用或隐藏，来选择加工需要的轮廓线；其次，制定加工工艺并确定工艺参数，再选择刀具、加工毛坯、工件坐标原点等，建立工件坐标系统，确定工件坐标系与机床坐标系的相对尺寸，从而得到零件加工的正确刀具路径；最后，利用Master CAM系统提供的仿真功能，实现模拟加工。

One is based on the B-spline fitting to the contours;the other computes the curvature directly taking advantage of the relation of curvature and osculating circle.

一是基于轮廓的B样条拟合，通过计算拟合B样条曲线在各采样点处的曲率估算轮廓点的曲率

The outline as stored in a font file is called the "master" outline, as its points coordinates are expressed in font units. Before it can be converted into a bitmap, it must be scaled to a given size/resolution.

存储在一个字体文件中的轮廓叫"主"轮廓，它的点坐标用字体单元表示，在它被转换成一个位图时，它必须缩放至指定大小。

In the field, the popular methods include: using Kalman filter or Particle filter to estimate motion, estimate the optical flow, utilizing the active contour model, the active shape model and the deformable template to tracking the objects, and using the Geodesic active contour model or Geodesic active region model which based the partial difference equation method and level set frame.

在该领域常用的方法有利用Kalman滤波及粒子滤波进行运动预测，通过计算光流评价目标运动，利用活动轮廓模型，活动形状模型，可变形模板等主动形状模型方法以及测地线活动轮廓模型，测地线活动区域模型等基于偏微分方程的方法来跟踪目标运动。

Moreover, our method is insensitive to image noise.(2) For single face detection in gray scale images, three methods based on three curve evolution models have been presented, i. e., GVF-based method, Chan-Vese model based method, and deformable pedal curve based method.

2针对静态灰度图像的单人脸检测问题，充分利用活动轮廓模型的特点和人脸的先验知识，提出两种基于活动轮廓模型的单人脸检测方法，即基于梯度向量流的人脸检测方法和基于Chan-Vese模型的人脸检测方法，其基本思想都是直接在原模型中加入人脸椭圆约束。

The dominant point detection ability of the proposed planar contour dominant point detection method is tested by an emulational planar contour which includes all kinds of dominant points.

采用包含各种类型特征点的仿真平面轮廓，对本文提出的平面轮廓特征点检测方法的特征点检测能力进行了测试。

The eleven point curvature-computing method is used to locate the area of corner and point of tangency.

采用最大方差法将图像二值化，用图像形态学的梯度细化和修剪算法来提取边缘轮廓，利用十一点曲率法得到轮廓的角点和切点的大致位置。

In this way,at the beginning,pretreating the image of pointsman's gesture from the colour vidicon which includes the colour image smoothing and intensifying.Then using the way of edge checking and image segmentation to divide the target image,due to the image is interfered badly by noise,Sobel operator is used.

该方法首先对彩色摄影机采集的交警手势图像进行预处理，包括彩色图像平滑、彩色图像增强；其次利用边缘检测和图像分割方法对目标图像进行分割，由于图像受噪声干扰严重，采用Sobel算子消除噪声；再次将分割得到的目标轮廓进行表示与描述，为图像的识别作好准备；最后结合图像的轮廓特征对图像进行识别，采用了模糊模式识别方法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。