转速计

The principle and method of measuring shafting bending strain using strain gauge is presented in this paper, followed by experiment made on marine shafting bench. Results show that bending strain in shafting is mainly sinusoid with rotating frequency, except under higher resonance speed.

介绍了采用应变计测量轴系动态弯曲应变的原理与方法，并在船舶轴系试验台上进行了实验测量，结果表明：除了在较高的共振转速下，轴段上的弯曲应变以轴频简谐量为主。

The gauge binnacle features the speedo with fuel gauge, while the tachometer holds space for the temperature gauge; the innovative chronograph-style instruments from the first-generation IS have clearly bitten the dust.

该指数binnacle功能的速比燃料衡量，而转速表拥有的空间，温度表；创新计时式文书从第一代有明确咬伤的灰尘。

Ft Interior Volume Rear: 38.0 cu. ft Luggage capacity: 13.7 cu. ft Performance 0-50 mph (0-80 kmh): n/a 0-60 mph (Manual / Auto): 7.8 / 9.0 sec (7.8 sec / 9.6 sec. quattro) 1/4 Mile: n/a Top estimated speed: 130 mph (203 kmh)- Electronically limited for North America Fuel Economy City (Manual/Auto): 19 / 18 mpg (19 / 18 mpg quattro) Highway (Manual/Auto): 27 / 28 mpg (26 / 27 mpg quattro) Combined (Manual/Auto): 23 / 23 mpg (22 / 21 mpg quattro) Standard Features Comfort/Convenience:· Electronic automatic climate control system, including air conditioning · Power steel sunroof · Power windows with one-touch down, lock-out for rear windows, pinch protection and one-touch up for front windows · Retained accessory power for windows and sunroof · Tinted glass, banded windshield · Power rack and pinion steering · Convenience close feature for windows and optional sunroof · Electronic cruise control with resume and speed up features · Dual power mirrors with defog feature · Electric rear window defogger · Power central locking system including trunk and fuel door; selective unlocking · Heat ducts to rear seat area · Illuminated glove box, trunk, lighter/ashtrays, engine compartment · Ignition key with integral light · Dual illuminated vanity mirrors · 4-passenger assist handles · Time delay interior light · Anti-theft vehicle alarm system · Cupholders · Fuel cap hanger feature Interior/Seating and trim:· 8-way power front seats with manual lumbar adjustment · Front seat map pockets · Facette weave cloth · Leather-wrapped steering wheel · Fold down rear-center armrest with storage container · Rear center armrest · Full length center console with forward storage bin, including cupholders · 60/40 split/fold rear seat with locking seat back · Genuine burled walnut wood trim for dash, door panels and console · Front and rear carpet floor mats Instrumentation:· Backlit instrument cluster, red illumination · Tachometer and electric speedometer · Analog clock · Outside temperature gauge · Trip odometer · Coolant temperature gauge · Oil temperature gauge · Voltmeter · Intermittent wiper mode Audio Systems:· AM/FM stereo cassette radio with anti-theft · 6-speaker sound package · Rear window antenna · Preparation wiring for CD changer · Preparation for cellular phone Exterior:· Aerodynamic 3-way halogen headlights · 5 mph bumpers, painted in body color · Body color, protective side moldings · Retractable headlight washer system · Body color, flush door handles · Body color, outside mirror: right convex, left side flat · Front fog lights · Rear fog light (integrated with left light cluster) Safety:· Anti-lock brake system · Driver and front passenger air bag supplemental restraints · Automatic self-tensioning front seat belt system · Rear outboard 3-point seat belts with comfort adjustment · Rear center lap safety belt with retractor · Child-safety rear door locks

1 / 4 mile ：无/ 1 顶端估计速度：一百三十零英里每小时-电子有限公司，为北美洲燃油经济性市： 19 / 18哩（ 19 / 18哩quattro的）公路： 27 / 28哩（ 26 / 27哩quattro的）结合： 23 / 23哩（ 22 / 21哩quattro的）标准功能舒适/方便：·电子自动气候控制系统，包括空调·电源钢天窗·电源的Windows与一触式下降，锁定为后方的Windows ，夹保护和一触式，为前线的Windows ·保留配件权力for Windows和天窗·有色玻璃，带状挡风玻璃·电源机架和齿轮督导·方便接近的特点，用于Windows和可选的天窗·电子巡航控制与恢复，并加快特色·双电源镜与defog功能·电动后窗defogger ·电源中央门锁系统，包括主干和燃料的大门；选择性解锁·热导管后座区·照明手套箱，躯干，打火机/烟灰缸，引擎·点火的关键与积分光·双发亮的虚荣心镜· 4名乘客协助处理·时间延迟内部轻·反盗窃车辆报警系统· cupholders ·燃油上限吊架功能内部/座位和修剪：· 8路的权力前排座椅手动腰调整·前座地图的口袋· facette编织布·皮革包裹方向盘·折叠后方中心扶手与储藏容器·后方中心扶手·充分的长度中心控制台与储存着斌，包括cupholders · 60/40分裂/倍后座锁定椅背·真正的burled核桃木材装饰为短跑，车门面板和控制台·前方和后方，地毯，地板垫仪器仪表：·背光文书集群，红色照明·转速表和电动里程表·模拟时钟·室外温度衡量·行程里程表·冷却液温度衡量·油温计·伏特·间歇雨刮模式音频系统：·调幅/调频立体声收音机，镭射与反盗窃· 6喇叭声包·后窗天线·准备布线的CD换·准备蜂窝电话外墙：·气动3路卤素头灯·五英里每小时保险杠，描绘了在体色·车身颜色，保护方成型·可伸缩的头灯清洗系统·车身颜色，冲水门把手·车身颜色，外镜：右凸，左侧单位·前雾灯·后方雾轻安全：·汽车防抱死制动系统·司机及前座乘客安全气囊的补充约束·自动自我拉紧前座安全带系统·后方的舷外3点安全带与舒适性调整·后方中心濸安全带与retractor ·儿童安全后门的锁

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

This thesis presents the design and implementation of voltage vector-controlled induction motor drive without any shaft transducer.

本论文的目的为设计与制作不用测速计之交流感应马达转速控制系统。

Company Profile Beijing Xinyu win equipment limited liability company operating mainly in the production and domestic and international advanced testing equipment, instrumentation, and diagnostic tools, as well as introduce advanced test, measurement of new technology for operating purposes. A: electrical fire, building fire detection and public safety facilities, equipment detectors B: lightning protection, lightning protection device detection equipment, mine detection device safety box C: Fire Fire Safety Inspection and Testing equipment, and investigate the cause of the fire equipment, police station fire alarm Services and equipment D: fire inspection and fire investigation equipment boxes, fire investigation kits, fire detection equipment to determine the scene Product E: Fire Engineering Detect boxes, cartons Detect building fire service installations, fire detection electrical box F: Airport Fire fire inspection equipment, subway Fire Safety Detect Box G: boilers, pressure vessels and special equipment, elevator equipment Detect H: Victoria seized power telecommunications equipment boxes, mechanical state patrol boxes I: Detect safety boxes, traffic accident investigation boxes, property management Detected me J: Public environmental hygiene Detect boxes, boxes of food safety at the scene detection, occupational health care at the scene Detect boxes, cartons Detect Radiological Protection at the scene, the situation of sanitation and disinfection Detected me, health production supervisor at the scene seized me K: Ultrasonic leak detector, ultrasonic spectrum analyzer, ultrasonic full-function fault detection system L: fire using infra-red thermal imaging, infrared imaging system for industrial use, the security-type infra-red thermal imaging M: Energy Conservation Supervision and Testing Instruments instrument N: Private Product: 3 1/2- 8 1 / 2 handheld / desktop Digital Multimeter, cross-DC clamp level pressure ammeter, temperature gauges, tachometer, digital megohm table, grounding resistance tester, desktop multimeter, digital frequency meter smart, figure synthesis / function signal generator, desktop digital electric bridge, oscilloscopes, infrared thermometer, vibrometer, digital DC regulated power supply, 5 1 / 2 hand-held multi-function calibrator field process instrumentation. O: agent Products:, infrared thermometer, infrared, ultrasonic full-function fault leakage / discharge detection device, flammable / toxic gas detector, harmonic power quality analyzer, portable ultrasonic flowmeter, insulation / Ground Resistance Tester, temperature, current / voltage, the process of signal, thermal resistance / thermocouple, pressure, loop calibrator, such as electronics, telecommunications, electricity, petroleum chemical industry, safety inspection, steel smelting, public environmental protection, fire detection Secret rescue, fire detection equipment, special equipment testing, military field equipment dedicated monitoring equipment and tools.

公司简介北京新宇胜利仪器有限责任公司主要以生产和经营国际，国内先进的检测仪器仪表和设备诊断工具以及介绍先进的测试，测量新技术为经营宗旨。A：消防电气、建筑消防设施检测和公共安全侦检仪器设备B：防雷、避雷装置检测仪器设备、防雷装置安全检测箱C：消防防火监督检测装备、火灾原因调查装备、公安派出所消防警务装备D：防火检查与火灾勘查仪器箱、火灾勘查工具箱、消防产品现场判定检测仪器E：消防工程检测箱、建筑消防设施检测箱、消防电气检测箱F：机场消防防火检查仪器设备、地铁消防安全检测箱G：锅炉、压力容器和特种设备、电梯检测仪器H：电信电源维检仪器箱、机械状态巡检箱I：交通安全检测箱、交通事故勘查箱、物业管理检测箱J：公共卫生环境检测箱、食品安全现场检测箱、职业健康监护现场检测箱、放射防护现场检测箱、卫生消毒状况检测箱、健康品生产现场监检箱K：超声波泄漏检测仪、超声波频谱分析仪、超声波全功能故障检测系统L：消防用红外热像仪、工业用红外热像仪、本安型红外热像仪M：节能监督检测仪器仪表工具N ：自有产品：3 1/2-8 1/2位手持/台式数字多用表，交、直流钳形高低、压电流表，温度仪表，转速表，数字兆欧表，接地电阻测试仪，台式多用表，数字智能频率计，数字合成/函数信号发生器，台式数字电桥，示波器，红外测温仪，测振仪，数字直流稳压电源，5 1/2位手持式多功能现场过程仪表校验仪。O：代理产品：，红外测温仪，红外热像仪，超声波全功能故障泄漏/放电侦测仪，可燃/有毒气体检测仪，电力质量谐波分析仪，便携式超声波流量计，绝缘/接地电阻测试仪，温度、电流/电压、过程信号、热电阻/热电偶、压力、回路校验仪等电子、通讯、电力、石油化工、安全检查、钢冶、公共环保、消防特勤侦检救援、消防检测设备、特种设备检测、军事领域的专用仪器监测设备与工具。

This will limit the operating range of the generators. Hence, this proposal aims to develop an innovative 「dual variable configuration」 generator which can be applied to wind power system. The feature of the proposed generator is such that its windings and air gap are regulable so that the characteristics can be regulated to cope with variable rotational speed operations and different turbine designs with a control algorithm applied.

因此，本计画旨在研发一创新双重变结构之发电机，并应用於风力发电系统，其特色为利用两种发电机变结构设计-亦即「绕组切换」与「调整气隙」，结合控制法则以即时调整发电机特性，使其适用於各种叶片设计以及各种转速下之操作，并使发电机输出得以始终运作於最大功率点。

Three kinds of swirl meter are used to measure the swirl in different cross section of a diesel engine cylinder on a stationary flow test bench. This paper analyses the influence on incylinder swirl measurement of the type of swirl meter, measuring position and flow distribution in-cylinder.

本文在稳流模拟试验台上，利用三种涡流计测量了不同横截面高度的缸内涡流，分析了涡流计型式及测速位置对缸内涡流转速测量结果的影响，阐述了缸内速度分布对涡流测量影响的变化规律。

The composition comprises: 35 to 65 wt % of an anionic detergent or surfactant selected from alkyl benzene sulphonic acids, alpha olefine sulfonates, long chain fatty acid sulphates, higher fatty acids, as well as the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, and natural detersive agents, and mixtures of any of these; 3 to 15 wt % of a non-ionic detergent or surfactant selected from alkoxylated alkyl phenols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols; 5 to 10 wt % of a water-swellable cellulose derivative or a salt thereof, wherein the cellulose derivative exhibits a viscosity of at least about 1500 cps, measured in a 1 % aqueous solution at 25 DEG C with a Brookfield viscometer having spindle 3, speed 30rpm, factor 40 for viscosities of 2500-3500 cps; 6 to 20 wt % of a solubility regulator selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorides, carbonates and sulphates, aluminosilicates and starch; and 0 to 20 wt % of a fragrance or perfume in solid, liquid or microencapsulated form.

该组合物包含：a35―65％重量的阴离子洗涤剂，其选自烷基苯磺酸、α－链烯烃磺酸盐、长链脂肪酸硫酸盐、高级脂肪酸以及其碱金属和碱土金属盐和天然的去污剂，和任何这些组分的混合物；b）3―15％重量的非离子洗涤剂，选自烷氧基化烷基酚和烷氧基化脂肪醇；c）5～10％重量的水可溶涨的纤维素衍生物或它们的盐，其中纤维素衍生物按1％水溶液在25℃下用Brookfield粘度计（3号转轴，转速30rpm，2500―3500cps粘度的因子是40测定；具有粘度至少约1500cps；d）6―20%重量的溶解性调节剂，选自碱金属和碱土金属氯化物、碳酸盐和硫酸盐、硅铝酸盐和淀粉；和e）0～20％重量的为固体、液体或微囊包封形式的香精。

Power Station where the main products are: the former pool water level monitor, oil mixing with water signal devices, oil mixing with water monitor, two two-FirstCall / 2 three / two four-way double-acting self-sustaining valve, speed monitoring devices, bearings oil level signal devices, flow, head efficiency monitoring device, the displacement angle of transmission controllers, intelligent two-way transfer of water supply valves, intelligent pressure transmission controllers, automatic self-cleaning water filters, small-caliber recoil-type filter, guided Leaf position switch, automatic qi device, float liquid level controller, temperature indicator, water level monitor, solenoid valve, electric butterfly valve, magnetic flap level gauge, linear displacement transducer, temperature data logging devices, shear sell-off signal devices, vibration, degree of monitoring devices placed, programmable speed monitoring devices, gate opening apparatus such as hundreds of professional instrumentation and automatic control device!........

其中电站主要产品有：前池水位监测仪、油混水信号器、油混水监测仪、二位二通/二位三通/二位四通双动自保持球阀、转速监测装置、轴承油位信号器、流量水头效率监测装置、位移角度变送控制器、智能双向供水转阀、智能压力变送控制器、全自动自清式滤水器、小口径反冲式滤水器、导叶位置开关、自动补气装置、浮球液位控制器、温度显示仪、水位监测仪、电磁阀、电动蝶阀、磁翻板液位计、直线位移变送器、温度巡检仪、剪断销信号装置、振动摆度监测装置、可编程转速监测装置、闸门开度仪等上百种专业仪表与自动控制装置！。。。。。。。。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。