转速

For the damping of speed oscillation of hybrid electrical vehicle engine, this paper founded a PID controller according to the relationship between electrical throttle control positions, engine speed and engine torque.

根据发动机电控节气门开度-转速-转矩关系，建立了混合动力汽车用发动机转速比例-积分-微分控制模型，并根据发动机转速响应特性，对模型参数进行了整定。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

Have introduced its systematic structure and operation principle in the system of loading of the inertia, and the vibration question that should be paid attention to while designing a group of rotator inertial mass, describe a critical rotational speed of group of rotator inertial mass in detail, influence the factor of a critical rotational speed of group of rotator inertial mass, and rotate a critical rotational speed computing technology and rotation of group and a balance question of group of inertial mass of inertial mass , and confirmed a design of group of rotator inertia quality finally.

在惯量加载系统中介绍了其系统结构和工作原理，以及在设计旋转惯性质量盘组时应注意的振动问题，详细地论述了旋转惯性质量盘组的临界转速，影响旋转惯性质量盘组的临界转速的因素，以及旋转惯性质量盘组的临界转速的计算方法和旋转惯性质量盘组的平衡问题，并最后确定了旋转惯量质量盘组的设计。

In practical applications, according to the speed of the instantaneous speed sensors, first to determine the speed limits, and then probably take corresponding to different K value.

在实际应用中，根据转速传感器测得的瞬间转速值，先确定出转速的大概范围，然后对应取不同的K 值。

The waveform shape analysis based on the fluctuation law of the instantaneous angular speed of diesel engine under normal condition is an important monitoring method.

瞬时转速波形分析法是以柴油机正常态瞬时转速波动规律为判据的分析方法，因此，瞬时转速波动规律的仿真计算非常重要。

Results show that the laminar flow length decreases with the increasing of rotating speed of mold.

计算结果表明：离心力场下充型时，熔体可保持的层流长度随转台转速的提高而减小；转台转速足够高时，最大倾角随转台转速的提高而增大。

Two methods of computing rotating speed were introduced in detail and the speed was calculated with the sampled key phasor pulse.

详细介绍了两种常见的转速计算方法，并对采集的转速键相信号进行了转速计算。

Based on laser Doppler effect, single section rotational speed of rotating shaft was measured.

基于激光多普勒效应测量转轴单截面转速的原理，通过测量双截面的转速进而求两截面的转速差。

The test results indicated that the precision of thetorque Sensor on the cool-starting resistance torque and starting rotate speed of the diesel engine can respectively reach 0.6 %and 0.5%, which completely satisfy the cool-starting requirements of the diesel engine at low temperature; the performance curvesof the cool-starting resistance torque for diesel engine on the condition of the different low temperature were accurately obtained,and the variation rules of the performance parameters about the starting rotate speed and the starting power for the diesel enginewere estimated, whichwas the academic basis on the optimalmatching of the cool-starting parts about the diesel engine, the elec-tromotor and storage battery and so on.

结果表明：转矩传感器用来测试低温起动阻力矩和转速的准确度分别达到0·6%、0·5%，满足柴油机低温起动系统测试指标的要求；准确地测得了在不同转速和不同温度下的阻力矩性能曲线，同时也能判断出柴油机的起动转速和起动功率等性能参数的变化趋势及规律，为柴油机、电动机和蓄电池等低温起动部件的优化匹配提供了理论依据。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。