转轨

This thesis systematically studies the comparativeness of Chinese trade in services in four aspects of indices basing upon existing achievements by using quantitative analysis method and qualitative analysis method. Moreover, the indices have been compared with those of the five transitional countries in the same timing period. Three points can be drawn from that study. First, the comparativeness of Chinese trade in services are too weak to compete internationally. Secondly, tourism is the only industry that holds its comparative advantage. Finally, we can learn from what the Poland and Hungary have been doing with their trade in services.

本文采用了定量分析与定性分析相结合等研究方法，在前人研究的基础上，对1995-2000年我国服务贸易的国际市场占有率、比较优势指数、显示性比较优势指数和显示性竞争比较优势指数四个指标进行了计算，较全面、系统地分析了我国服务贸易的国际竞争力，并首次将该四项指标结果同一些转轨经济国家的相同指标进行跨国比较，从中得到三点启示：1、我国服务贸易整体不具备竞争优势；2、旅游业是我国服务贸易中具有较强比较优势的行业；3、波兰和匈牙利两国的成功经验对我国发展服务贸易有一定借鉴作用。

According to the comparativeness, ten items of condition are necessary to realize the fiscal institutional transition, which are keeping political and social stability, dealing with the relations between the target and the course of reform properly, combining the foreign experience with actual fact of our own country, emphasizing on the role of public finance in economic transition, making the progress of institution transition in line with cognition, working out a good scheme, coordinating the fiscal system with political system, accelerating the construction of fiscal legal institutional, enhancing the investment for informal institutional, having the support from the top-rank decision-maker, and the not-being-afraid-of-difficulty spirit for the reform leader.

根据比较，要实现财政制度变迁的目标应具备10项条件：保持政局和社会稳定，正确处理改革目标与改革过程的关系，把国外经验同本国实际结合起来，重视发挥财政在经济转轨中的作用，制度变迁的进度要与认识水平相一致，要有一个好的改革方案，财政制度要与政治制度相协调，加快财政法制建设，加大对非正式制度的投资，最高决策者的支持和改革领导者勇往直前的精神。

Specially our country is during the economical transforming,the appraisal on the technical efficiency of the bank industry not only point out the destination of transforming but also provide the theory reference for policy constitutor.

尤其在我国还处在经济转轨的国家，对商业银行技术效率的评估和对其影响因素的分析不仅为我国商业银行技术效率的改进指明了方向，而且也为政策制定者提供了理论参考。

There is essential difference between contingent liability and any other liability. The contingent liability are produced by long-term accumulative conflict of financial system, which is difficult to measure, foresee.

政府或有负债与政府财政所举借的债务有着本质区别，它主要不是财政自身运行过程造成的，而往往是经济体制转轨中各种矛盾的综合反映，是经济运行深层次矛盾长期积累的结果，同时，政府或有负债是一种不易准确估量、预测的债务，它的风险性更大，如果把握不好，极易引发财政危机和经济剧烈波动，甚至危及国家的政治稳定。

As there are numerous factors influencing the scale, the author can't work out an accurate solution with fully convincingness but attempting to achieve the effect of conjuring up the whole thing through seeing a part of it by researching the following two aspects: First, taking the current Chinese government expenditure as the target of research.

并建立了衡量适当政府收入规模的指标体系。论文在第五章，从两个方面对转轨期间中国政府最优收入规模的合理界线进行了探讨。

In the course of economic transition, China has seen a dazzling produce and development of her security market.

我国证券市场的产生和发展，是经济转轨过程中最激动人心的事件之一。

Through calculating marginal effect coefficients to administrative expenditure of finance of the economic development level and system transition process, we can decompound this disparity into different factors, and divide into four kinds of forming mechanism,from which we can analyze their different policy implications.

通过测算经济发展水平和体制转轨进程对财政行政支出的边际效应系数，可以对各地区财政行政支出的离差进行因素分解，将其形成机制划分为四种类型，从中可以分析出它们不同的政策含义。

Execute to state-owned asset change demesne, it is the first job of Mongolia economy shunt and breach.

对国有资产实行私有化，是蒙古经济转轨的首要任务和突破口。

The generality mainly displays that as the same as SMEs in other countries,SMEs in our country is facing the information asymmetry and diseconomy of scale.The particularity mainly refers to that our country is still in economic transition , the finance system and the management structure of banks is not perfect, community credit system is inadequate and so on.

一般性主要表现在同世界上其他国家一样，我国中小企业债务融资也面临着信息不对称和规模不经济；特殊性主要是指我国仍处于经济转轨时期，我国金融体系不健全、银行治理结构不完善和社会信用缺乏等。

At the same time, accompanied with the transformation from planned economy system to market economy system, our countrys social security system also exists some problems, such as the nation undertaking the whole thing, the dissiliency of managing system ,lag of the security item , incompletion of the security range ,faultiness of security fund management ,slowness of the social service development, laciness of the normal lawmaking etc.

同时，伴随着计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨，我国社会保障制度也存在国家包揽过多，管理体制不顺，保障项目滞后，保障范围不全，保障基金管理不到位，社会化服务发展缓慢，立法尚待规范等问题。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。