转移性的

The substance of tax is non-consideration debt in the public law. The people as the whole of the taxpayers are the debtors who are entitled to ask the government as the debtee to provide public goods when they have paid for the taxes. While the government is the substantial debtee who can legitimately request the people as the debtors to pay in way of taxpaying for the expenses and prices of the public goods they have enjoyed when it has provided public goods to the people.

税在形式上直观表现为纳税人的财产向政府的无偿转移和让渡，既然税是对私人财产权的一种"剥夺"，"为何要课征税收，其正当根据是什么，这是在税收的历史上，很早就一直阐述的问题"〔1」(P15)对税收关系表象下的税之本质，恰恰是论证国家为何要课税，国民为何要纳税等税之存在的正当性、合理性和必然性的首要问题。

The influence of each condition on the reaction speed and yield was studied, and the optimal conditions were: the ratio of the amount of substance of aromatic amine and heptafluoro-isopropyl iodine was 1:1.1~1.5, the amount of substance of sodium dithionite, sodium bicarbonate, aniline compounds were respectively 1.1~1.3, the amount of substance of phase transfer catalyst TBAB and aniline compounds was 0.05~0.1, the concentration of aniline compound was 0.5~1.0 mol/L, reaction temperature was 10~20 ℃, and the solvent was aether.

最佳结果为：芳胺与七氟异丙基碘的物质的量比1：1.1~1.5，连二亚硫酸钠、碳酸氢钠与苯胺的物质的量分别为1.1~1.3，相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵与苯胺的物质的量比在0.05~0.1，溶剂总用量使苯胺浓度在0.5~1.0 mol/L；反应温度10~20℃；溶剂采用乙醚。取代基供电子性越强，反应时间越短，产率越高；氨基的对位优先反应，氨基的邻位较难发生反应；且七氟异丙基总是优先取代在芳环电子云密度较高的位置上。

These laws are the endoplasm ones, which determine the direction and the scale and the speed of urbanization, the characteristic of urban industrial structure, the path of urban development. Therefore, they determine the trail of urbanization.

这一历史过程虽然不以人的意志为转移，但它是遵循一定的规律进行的，而内质性规律是城市化过程中所遵循的重要规律，这些规律决定了城市化的方向、规模和速度，决定了城市产业结构的特征、发展演变路径，从而决定了城市化的现实轨迹。

In this dissertation, we develop the research work of the following three aspects based on existed work.First, using the scale-invariant property of multiscale model, i.e. Markovian among scales, a method of qth-order tree-based for multiscale representation of a class of 1-D stochastic process is presented. The multiscale stochastic model is established. The representation forms of parameter matrices, such as, the state transition matrix, the disturbance matrix, the initial state and the corresponding covariance matrix are deduced in detail. The multiscale sample paths based on distinctive order tree are presented by computer simulation.

本文在已有工作的基础上，开展了以下几个方面的研究工作： 1、根据多尺度模型尺度不变性，即利用尺度间的Markov性，给出了一类1-D随机过程基于一般q阶树的多尺度表示方法，建立了相应的多尺度动态模型，详细推导了多尺度模型中的状态转移阵、扰动阵、初始状态和相应的协方差阵，并通过计算机仿真给出了不同阶树的多尺度采样路径。

UHMWPE has regular molecule chain and lower shear strength, so it improved the tribological property of PA66. When the amount of the transferring layer reached a certain value, severe plastic distortion and adhesion wear occurred, and wear resistance of the blends was related to the mechanical property of the blends. Worn microstructure changes with addition of compatibilizer. Soft UHMWPE produced from friction heating has low shear strength, and it improves the tribological property of PA66 during the friction course.

结果表明：加入MAH-g-HDPE相容剂可以使共混体系的相容性得到改善，提高共混物的机械性能；具有平整分子结构的UHMWPE有利于改善PA66的摩擦磨损性能，当摩擦偶件的转移层达到饱和状态后，共混物的耐磨性与其力学性能相关；共混物在摩擦过程中表现出严重的塑性变形和粘着磨损，但在共混体系的摩擦过程中，对摩擦磨损性能起主要作用的是受热软化的UHMWPE在磨损表面形成低剪切强度的界面层，从而使得PA66的摩擦磨损性能明显改善。

Good thermal stability and self-extinguishing behavior was observed with the cured polybenzoxazine resins. Second, furan-containing benzoxazine monomers, P-FBz, BPA-FBz, and 4FP-FBz were prepared using furfurylamine as a raw material. Formation of furfurylamine Mannich bridge networks in the polymerizations of P-FBz and BPA-FBz increased the cross-linking densities and thermal stability of the resulting polybenzoxazines. P-FBz and BPA-FBz- based polymers also exhibited high glass transition temperatures above 300℃, high char yields, and low flammability with a limited oxygen index value of 31. The dielectric (Dk3.21–3.39) and mechanical properties (high storage modulus of 3.0–3.9 GPa and low coefficient of thermal expansion of 37.7– 45.4 ppm) of the P-FBz and BPA-FBz-based polymers were superior or comparable to other polybenzoxazines. 4FP-FBz used for polybenzo- xazine modification by means of formation of benzoxazine hybridation with P-FBz.

第二部份以2-呋喃甲胺为起始物，制备了P-FBz、4FP-FBz与BPA-FBz 三个含呋喃官能基之氧代氮代苯并环己烷的单体；BPA-FBz与P-FBz於开环聚合中形成之Mannich bridge网状结构有效地提升聚氧代氮代苯并环己烷聚合物之交联密度与热安定性；Poly与Poly具有大於300℃之玻璃转移温度、高的焦炭生成率与具有31之极限氧指数(Limited oxygen index， LOI)的难燃性特质，Poly与Poly之介电常数(Dk=3.21~3.39)与机械性质[3.0~3.9 GPa的储存模数与37.7~45.4ppm之低热膨胀系数( Low coefficient of thermal expansion， Low CTE)]均较其他聚氧代氮代苯并环己烷为优；4FP-FBz具有低之介电常数(Dk=2.7)，以其作为降低介电常数之反应型改质剂，与P-FBz混成，证实可有效地降低Poly的介电常数。

Comparative study of the properties of both ground and excited states of metal-free indoline dyes for dyesensitized solar cells revealed: as the number of rhodanine rings increases, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO decreases and there is a red shift in the absorption spectrum with the binding energy increased, and the transition dipole moment decreased; Based on an analysis of cha...

对比研究吲哚染料的基态和激发态性质，揭示了随着绕丹宁环数目的增加，HOMO和LUMO的能量差减少，吸收光谱红移，但是束缚能增加，跃迁偶极矩减少；依据电荷差分密度，电荷和能量从苯乙烯转移到吲哚环和绕丹宁；电子空穴相干性主要表现在吲哚环和绕丹宁环，对于吲哚染料系统，存在一个绕丹宁环的体系的激子数目为30个原子，带有两个绕丹宁环的体系激子数目有40个原子。

Our research utilized two cell lines carrying a bisatellite microchromosome originated from two normal phenotypic families found by Professor Jiahui Xia to make the BM become a new vector for gene therapy. The research will finally establish a novel vector that can be steadily transmitted, has enough capacity to carry foreign genes, has no harm to human being, has no immunogenecity and is easy to transfer. This research can provide brand new vector tool for gene therapy of human hereditary diseases and tumors.

本研究利用夏家辉教授发现的2个带有双随体小染色体而表型正常的家系所建立的细胞株作为研究材料，用BM作为基因治疗新载体，以求最终建立一种能稳定遗传、携带外源基因容量足够大、对人体无害、无免疫原性和易于基因转移的新型载体，为人类遗传病和肿瘤的基因治疗提供崭新的载体工具。

Firstly, a series of organic molecules which use phthalimido group as electron acceptor, N as electron donor, COO~- as eletrofugal group were synthesized based on SET-promoted photocyclization processes. These compounds were irradiated by 500 W ultraviolet under nitrogen atmosphere in room temperature. After filtration of the photochemical character of these molecules, substrate S1 and S2 were selected as appropriate model reactants. Secondly, the monosubstituted derivatives at the 6-position ofβ-cyclodextrin were synthesized as chiral template of photocyclization.

首先，以单电子转移机理为指导，设计了一系列以邻苯二甲酰亚胺基为电子受体、N为电子给体、羧基为离去基团的光环合反应底物，这些化合物在氮气保护下以500瓦紫外光室温下进行光照反应，对这一系列的分子的反应情况进行了研究与筛选，最终选择底物S1和S2作为研究光环合反应中立体控制方法的模型底物；其次，又合成了一系列6-位单取代β-环糊精，以此作为光环合反应的手性模板。

Lin Yutang could transfer independently inside multi-cultural conflicts, because of his stable thought motivations: one was Humanism, the other was Liberalism. These kept him transcendentally above the cultural mess, and provided him with independence of thought in face of the complicated realistic structure.

林语堂在多重文化矛盾中间能够实现自主的策略转移，在于其稳定的思想动因：一是人文主义，一是自由主义，这二者使得林语堂在复杂的现实格局中能保持终极指向的超越性和作家人格的独立。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。