转炉

Aiming at the tristep method smelting process of "electrical arc furnace+multifunction converter+VOD" for stainless steel, and centering about the dephosphorization during the process, the theoretical analysis and calculations have been carried out for the feasibility of several important links in the process chain (including desiliconization and chromium conservation in EAF, and simultaneous dephosphorization and desulfurization in ladle ) in the view of melting thermodynamics.

针对&电弧炉+多功能转炉+VOD&三步法不锈钢冶炼工艺，以脱磷为主线，从冶金热力学的角度对流程中涉及的几个重要工艺环节的可行性(包括电弧炉去硅保铬、铁水包同时脱磷脱硫等问题)进行了理论分析和计算。

Based on the production data of desiliconization, dephosphorization and desulfurization in torpedo car , the additional desiliconization, treatment efficiency of dephosphorization and desulfurization, temperature drop and oxygen ratio is analyzed, and the effect of less slag converter refining with the desiliconized,dephosphorized and desulfurized hot metal is also presented.

依据混铁车内&三脱&生产实绩对铁水预处理过程中的补充脱硅，同时脱磷、脱硫处理效率、铁水温度、气氧比等工艺问题进行了分析讨论，同时也介绍了转炉使用&三脱&处理铁水进行少渣冶炼的效果。

The hot metal pretreatment mode is confirmed as: hot metal － desulphurization by KR in ladle—desiliconization and dephosphorization in converter.

铁水预处理工艺模式确定为：高炉铁水－铁水包 KR 法脱硫－专用转炉脱硅、脱磷。

The smelting of stainless steel has been developed by using powder injection process for desiliconization,dephosphorization and desulphurization of hot metal with pretreatment device,a 30 t EBT UHP EAF for smelting iron alloy and partial scrap,a 75 t K-OBM-S top and bottom combined blown converter and VOD refining at Taiyuan Steel.

太钢开发了通过预处理装置采用粉剂喷吹法对铁水进行脱硅、脱磷和脱硫；以30 t EBT UHPEAF熔化铁合金和部分废钢、75 t K-OBM-S顶底复吹转炉和VOD精炼的冶炼不锈钢工艺，生产能力已达50万t/a。

The author analyzed total oxygen content, nitrogen content in steel made by typical process and the inclusion composition, change rule, morphology and distribution qualitatively and quantitatively by image analyzer, big sample electrolysis, SEM and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that final inclusion form was small granule MnS, calcium aluminate, a small quantity of silicate and lumpy Al2O3. By intensifying deoxidation alloying process control in converter, argon blowing and slagging control and desulphuration and calcium reduction operation in refining course and overall-protection casting, the oxygen content was reduced by 20% above averagely, nitrogen content was reduced by about 10% and the inclusion content was reduced by 30%.

通过全O、N分析，夹杂物图像分析仪、大样电解、扫描电镜及能谱分析，定性和定量分析了典型工艺钢种钢中全O、N含量和工序过程夹杂物的构成、变化规律及形态、分布，分析钢中最终夹杂物表现形式主要为小颗粒的MnS、铝酸钙、少量的硅酸盐和块状Al2O3，通过强化转炉脱氧合金化工艺控制、精炼过程吹氩与造渣控制及脱硫和钙处理操作、全程保护浇注，钢水中O含量平均降低20％以上，N含量降低10％左右，铸坯中夹杂物含量降低了30％。

In order to adapt the rhythm of the continuous casting, No.3 Steelmaking Plant of Jigang optimizes specific iron and steel structure, increases the percentage of goal hits of the converter, optimizes LF slag-making and argon blowing processes and intensifies LF deoxidation and desulphuration etc, shortening refining period 17min, reducing he electric consume 6.7kW.h/t.

为适应连铸节奏，济钢第三炼钢厂通过优化钢铁料结构、提高转炉终点命中率、优化LF造渣及吹氩工艺、强化LF脱氧、脱硫等措施，缩短精炼周期17min，降低精炼电耗6.7kW.h/t，满足了高附加值钢种的工艺要求并实现了多炉连浇。

In order to lower the sulphur content of molten steel and ease the burden of desulphurization inside the converter,ladle desulphurizer is developed for on-line desulphurization in molten steel.

为降低钢水中的S含量，减轻转炉脱硫的负担，研制开发了钢包脱硫剂，进行钢水在线脱硫，吨钢脱硫剂加入量3～4。

Based on analysis of factory converter slag,predominate phosphorus was found concentrated in a solid solution of dicalcium silicate and tricalcium phosphate,as reported in some research about slow cooled converter slags.

研究显示，如文献中对缓冷钢渣的研究结果一样，工厂稳定化处理后的转炉钢渣中的磷主要以磷酸三钙与硅酸二钙形式的固溶体存在。

The results proved that hit rate of is 80.9% with errorless than ±0.02% at end point.

本控制系统在40t复吹转炉的大生产应用中终点碳预报精度在±0.02%的条件下命中率达到80.9%。

Mineral phase of LD slag was studied when smelting SPHC and Q235 by high phosphorus hot metal,the results show that mineral phase of slag consist of C2S mainly,P2O5 exist in C2S phase,After de-oxygen,mineral phase of slag consist of akermanite and gehlenite mainly.

主要研究了高磷铁水转炉冶炼SPHC和Q235低合金钢后转炉渣矿相组织，实验结果表明，高磷铁水转炉渣的矿相组织主要以硅酸二钙(C2S)为主，P2O5主要存在于该相中。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。