转换点

The system gets two image of one object with two CCD, thus obtains depth from two CCD"s parallax. After investigating the operation spot and discussing with surgeons we use LED as markers, and get the marker"s 3-D position with a non-contact optics orientation method. After calibrating the CCD, processing the image, the system can figure out marker"s areal coordinates, get marker"s 3-D coordinate in dummy world coordinate system, thereby obtain instruments 3-D position and orientation. After the coordinate transformation and a series of orientation calculation, operation navigation comes true.

运用两个摄像机对同一目标从不同位置成像，进而从视差中恢复距离；通过对手术现场的仔细了解与手术医师的反复商榷，使用LED作为标志点，利用非接触式光学定位方法提取空间点位置信息：通过对摄像机的标定、图像处理及目标点重心的计算，求出空间点在虚拟世界坐标系下的三维坐标，从而确定了手术器械等的空间位姿，通过空间坐标转换及一系列定位计算，完成了手术导航实验系统。

Based on this development trend, this dissertation concerns the agricultural busywork of based on GPS and other advanced technologies...

作者研制的"基于GPS的农用车辆导航轨迹显示信息系统"的功能实现过程为：卫星信号经GPS-OEM板接收后，由板内高速信号处理部件进行计算分析后给出精确的经纬度、时间等信息，这些信息经过GPS-OEM板的输出端口传送给单片机，单片机接收到GPS-OEM板传来的信息时，产生串口中断，对收到的经纬度和时间等信息进行处理，校对数据内容，转换数据格式，存储数据，同时对经纬度数据进行坐标转换，使之与预定路径图形进行位置匹配，将车辆位置以点的形式实时显示在液晶显示屏上。

Among used machine learning methods, the gradient descent method is widely used to train various classifiers, such as Back-propagation neural network and linear text classifier. However, the gradient descent method is easily trapped into a local minimum and slowly converges. Thus, this study presents a gradient forecasting search method based on prediction methods to enhance the performance of the gradient descent method in order to develop a more efficient and precise machine learning method for Web mining.However, a prediction method with few sample data items and precise forecasting ability is a key issue to the gradient forecasting search method. Applying statistic-based prediction methods to implement GFSM is unsuitable because they require a large number of data items to model a prediction model. In the contrast with statistic-based prediction methods, GM(1,1) grey prediction model does not need a large number of data items to build a prediction model, and it has low computational load. However, the original GM(1,1) grey prediction model uses a mathematical hypothesis and approximation to transform a continuous differential equation into a discrete difference equation in order to model a forecasting model.

其中梯度法是一个最常被使用来实现机器学习的方法之一，然而梯度法具有学习速度慢以及容易陷入局部最佳解的缺点，因此，本研究提出一个梯度预测搜寻法则(gradient forecasting search method， GFSM)来改善传统梯度法的缺点，用来提升一些以梯度学习法则为基础的分类器在资讯探勘上的效率与正确性；而一个所需资料量少、计算复杂度低且精确的预测模型是梯度预测搜寻法能否有效进行最佳解搜寻之关键因素，传统统计为基础之预测方法的缺点是需要较大量的数据进行预测，因此计算复杂度高，灰色预测模型具有建模资料少且计算复杂度低等优点，然而灰色预测理论以连续之微分方程式为基础，并且透过一些数学上的假设与近似，将连续之微分方程式转换成离散之差分方程式来对离散型资料进行建模及预测，这样的作法不尽合理，且缺乏数学理论上的完备性，因为在转换过程中已经造成建模上的误差，且建模过程仅考虑相邻的两个资料点关系，无法正确反应数列未来的变化趋势。

This high voltage electrostatic precipitation controller has 7 channels of analog input,2 channels of analog output, 12 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs. The analog input includes primary current, secondary current, primary voltage, secondary voltage, etc. Controller uses MAX 187 as the A/D converter, which ensure the sampling speed and the conversion precision in the same time. The processor unit is RCM2250 module. Rabit 2000 processor, a 128K SRAM and a 256K Flash Rom are integrated in RCM2250, which improves the performance of pricipitation controller. MAX504 is used to produce the 4~20mA current output.

模拟量输入采集的信号有升压变压器一次电流、一次电压、二次电流、二次电压等，采用12位逐次比较式A/D转换器MAX187，兼顾采样速率和转换精度；中央处理单元采用以8位嵌入式处理器Rabbit2000为基础的RCM2250模块，外扩128KSRAM和256K Flash ROM，内部资源丰富，提高了控制器的整体性能；模拟量输出采用内带基准源的10位电压输出数模转换器MAX504，实现了标准4～20mA电流信号输出；控制器通过控制算法在相应开关量点上输出可控硅的触发脉冲。

Sequence matching To achieve the coordinate system's unification between two point clouds, the key lies in calculating seven transformation parameters, which require not less than three homonymous points.

序列拼接实现两站点云之间的空间坐标系的统一，关键在于计算出转换模型中的七个转换参数，为此要求两站点云中存在不少于三对不共线的同名点。

Finally, the run-length of data points are extracted by horizontal projection, and the modules corresponding to the run-length are taken to decode.

而拍照所造成条码边界的形变，利用反透视转换(Inverse Perspective Transformation)来校正。最后以水平投影的方式撷取出资料点的长度，转换成对应的模组来进行解码的动作。

The characteristic points of the detected lane marking are transformed into the bird's view of the specific height via the Inverse Perspective Mapping. A second–order polynomial is used for curve fitting to obtain the lane model.

将所侦测到之道路标线特徵点，透过逆透视转换的过程，转换成从特定的高度观察之俯视景观，再利用二次曲线拟合方式，建构出车道模型。

In order to control the insufficient transition displacement of the long rail components to ensure the high regularity of turnout and its locking reliability, a transition design method for long rail components and double limb elastically bendable turnout frog structure was established using the finite element method, a new roller sliding platform was developed, and the transition traction point layout and stroke design were optimized.

为控制长大轨件转换不足位移，确保道岔的高平顺性和锁闭可靠性，运用有限单元法进行长大轨件及双肢弹性可弯心轨结构的转换设计，研制出新型辊轮滑床台，并优化了转换牵引点布置及其动程设计。

ABSTRACT RGB COLOR SPACE AND IT'S APPLICATION This paper primarily discussed the law of transforming all the color points in RGB color space into color points in chromaticity diagram.

本文初步探讨了RGB颜色空间所有颜色点转换为色度图上的颜色点的规律，按色差将所有颜色点聚类于黑蓝绿青红紫黄白8种颜色。

Analyzing the relationships among the initial yielding point, significant yielding point, ultimate point and other key point in parameterless pushover curves, considering the seismic design level, the parameterless pushover curves are transformed to general pushover curves. Then the general pushover curves are converted to a spectral capacity curves for building, that is, a plot of spectral acceleration versus spectral displacement, using the simplified nonlinear static analysis method to estimate the seismic vulnerability of multistory brick structure and multistory and high rise reinforced concrete.

分析了无量纲坐标描述的推倒曲线中初始屈服点、明显屈服点及极限点等关键点之间的关系，考虑建筑物地震设防水准，将无量纲坐标描述的推倒曲线还原为以侧力及其位移描述的推倒曲线，进而将其转换为以谱加速度及谱位移表示的承载能力曲线，采用简化结构静力非线性分析方法，估计我国多层砖房及缺乏震害经验的多、高层钢筋混凝土框架结构房屋的地震易损性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。