转换

Based on the A / D converter the basic principles and characteristics of the broadband A / D converter technology and A / D converter, the choice of a number of exploration and study.

本文基于A/D转换的基本原理和特性，对宽带A/D转换技术和A/D转换器的选择进行一些探讨和研究。

To keep away from digital distortion caused by analog conversion,"Boutique Recording" applies APOGEE Analog to Digital Converter System in pre-recording, adopts Hi-End Prism Sound Digital to Analog Converter System during post mix and master disposal processes. In a word,"Boutique Recording" minimizes the distortion rate, and maintains the unique spirit of analog music.

为避免后期缩混时过多数字设备所造成的数码味，录音师坚持在前期录音与母带处理过程中使用传奇的模拟设备，在现场录音的同时进行立体声混音工作，为了避免模数转换时所造成的数字失真，达人艺典在前期录音中采用APOGEE模数转换系统，后期缩混及母带制作采用顶级HI-END厂牌Prism Sound数模转换系统，将失真率减到最低，保持独有的模拟音乐味道。

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

The project will develop a bandpass sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter for digital audio broadcasting system in three years. In the first year, we had finished the system simulation for IF receiver using conventional high speed ADC and bandpass sigma-delta ADC, respectively. We also had done the analysis and design of high-order bandpass sigma-delta modulator structure. In this year, we have developed a coefficient synthesis method for high order bandpass sigma-delta modulator using high order filter transfer functions (inverse Chebyshev bandreject filter function).

本计划将在三年内发展一个能应用在数位音讯广播系统的带通sigma-delta类比/数位转换器(analog-to-digital converter，ADC)，在第一年度中我们分别以传统高速类比/数位转换器及带通SD类比/数位转换器的接收系统为例，并结合编码正交多工器(Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex，COFDM)的技术，建立一套DAB系统模拟的方法，同时并研究有关高阶带通SD类比/数位调变器的架构及电路，并已成功开发出一个由高阶滤波器合成的高阶带通调变器。

It forms a cline continuum from full shifting of grammar to shifting of meaning and shifting of form.

从典型的语法转换到处于范畴边缘的意义转换和形变转换，是一个连续渐变的过程。

A two-step A/D converter consists of 2 stages, while a pipe-line A/D converter generally consists of N stages, each including a SHA, an A/D converter, a D/A converter, a subtractor and an amplifier.

采用两步A / D转换器由2阶段，而管线A / D转换器一般包括氮阶段，每一个包括沙， A / D转换器，一个D / A转换器，一个放大器。

The behaviors of SRC beam transferring structure, which is the major research of this dissertation, is studied from four aspects:(1)Pseudo-static test of transfer structure shaking table test of a whole frame model with transferring story and a field measurement;(2)Push-over analysis;(3)the test research and theoretical analysis of joints for SRC transferring frame;(4)the research on the creep and shrinkage of SRC transfer beams.

本文的主要工作是研究型钢混凝土梁式转换框架结构的受力性能问题，为此，从以下四个方面：①转换框架结构的拟静力试验、整体结构的模拟地震振动台试验和施工现场实测；②静力弹塑性分析；③型钢混凝土转换框架节点的试验研究与理论分析；④施工阶段转换大梁的徐变、收缩特性的研究，展开了对课题的研究。

The main purpose of this thesis is to research and develop three different kinds of battery chargers of resonant-switch converters. Starting with the zero voltage switch and the zero current switch converters, which employ the quasi-resonant converter technique, we gain the best parameters of the resonance components from the characteristic curve diagrams of these two converters. Then we design battery chargers based on these two structures and use them to experiment on lead-acid batteries.

中文摘要本论文之主要目的在於研制三种不同的共振开关式转换器蓄电池充电器，先探讨半共振式技术的零电压以及零电流转换器，利用这两种转换器的特性曲线图设计出共振元件最佳的参数值，以这两种架构作为蓄电池充电器，来对铅酸蓄电池做充电测试，经实验测得，零电压切换半共振式降压型转换器之充电器的开关在零电压的时候导通和截止。

This solution was expressed a function of offset, compressional and shear waves velocities, the traveltime of P-SV converted waves.

Schneider（2002）从一个关于转换点的三次方程中推导出了P-SV转换波转换点位置的一种解析解，这种解是偏移距、横纵波速度和P-SV转换波旅行时的函数。

When this kind of converter is working at the prescribed temperature confine,it keeps being humdrum character,high precision of the conversion(linetype error ≤± 1 LSB、 differential coefficient error ≤±1 LSB), speediness(the time of establishing the putput voltage ≤3μ s), low power consume(power consume ≤ 600mW),good temperature capability(the temperature coefficient ≤30ppm), large-scale output range.

本D／A转换器在工作温度范围内保持严格的单调性、转换精度高(线性误差≤±1 LSB、微分误差≤±1 LSB)、转换速度快(电压输出建立时间≤3μs)、转换功耗低(功耗≤600mW)、温度性能好(增益温度系数≤30ppm)、输出电压幅度大(±10V)并且可以灵活应用于0～5V、0～10V、±2.5V、+5V、+10V多种输出范围。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。