转喻的

This paper discusses the relation between metonymy and synecdoche in the first part.

本论文将在第一部分对转喻和提喻之间的关系进行论述。

It is argued that the metaphoric use of denominal verbs is the result of zone activation of a certain quale and metonymic expansion of a metaphoric source.

名转动词的隐喻使用由某一特质的域激活和隐喻来源域的转喻扩展所建构。

The basic usages and implications confuse Chinese learners. The second part introduces the methods of their usage. The analyses and translation of metonymy and synecdoche are very helpful for cross-cultural communication.

中国的学者对其基本用法及含义感到很困惑，论文第二部分将介绍转喻和提喻的用法，并对其进行正确的分析和翻译，以助于各国间的跨文化交流。

Here, then, we have a metaphorical substitution on a metonymic axis.

这样，我们在换喻（或者翻译为转喻，一种以部分代替整体的修辞方法）轴上就有了一个隐喻的替代。

A cognitive study of its semantic extension, in light of the metaphor and metonymy theories in cognitive semantics, reveals that its meaning extends and changes in a spokewise fashion interlaced by a concatenate pattern, in which metaphorical and metonymic mappings are interwoven, and that metaphor and metonymy are two cognitive approaches to its semantic extension.

依据认知语义学中的隐喻和转喻理论对&兵&的语义扩展认知机制进行分析，可以发现，在&兵&的语义扩展的过程中，语义的辐射型变化交织着连锁型变化，隐喻和转喻从中共同发挥作用，它们是其语义发展的两条主要认知途径。

This chapter starts with the determination of primary sense of under. Then it focuses on how its spatial senses are extended from the central image schema to its transformations by metonymy. Next, this part also focuses on how its metaphorical senses are extended in terms of the central image schema and transformations by metaphor. In these analyses, this thesis summarizes four kinds of relations: the relation of UP-DOWN, the relation of HIGH-LOW, COVERING relation or the relation of IN-OUT and the relation of SOURCE-PATH-GOAL. Lots of metaphorical senses of under are derived from these basic spatial relations. In this thesis, the relations between the senses derived from central image schema and those derived from its transformations are explored at length. The relations between the spatial senses derived from central image schema and transformations and the metaphorical senses derived from them are also explored at length. The above analyses demonstrate that the sense extension of the spatial preposition is motivated by image schema, which also provides the root for metonymic and metaphorical extension. The semantic network of under is diagramed finally.

论文首先确定了under的首要意义；然后集中探讨了它的空间意义如何从中心意象图式，通过转喻形成许多变体，从而得以延伸；接着分析了它的隐喻意义如何从中心意象图式及其变体通过隐喻而得以延伸，在此分析中，本论文总结了四种关系：上—下关系﹑高—低关系﹑覆盖关系或里—外关系和起点—路径—目标关系，under的很多隐喻意义源于这些基本的空间关系；本论文还对源于中心意象图式的空间意义与源于其变体的空间意义的关系进行了详细的剖析；对源于中心意象图式与其变体的空间意义及其延伸的隐喻意义之间的关系，也同样进行了详细的剖析；通过分析论证了，意象图式是空间介词义项扩展的源泉，同时也为转喻和隐喻提供了基础；最后得出under的语义网络。

At the phonological level, foregrounding is fulfilled through the reoccurrence of the identical sound. Nonce-formations, abbreviations, blends and sense-shift attain lexical foregrounding, and the frequent use of the shorts words and numbers also functions. At the syntactic level, foregrounded features are embodied in the frequent use of active voice and quotations, and also the peculiar use of the tenses. Foregrounding at the semantic level principally turns up in the news headlines. It is the use of metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy and pun that helps to bring the potential of the linguistic elements into full play.

从语相层来看，体育新闻报道通过对标点符号的特殊使用、拼写的变异以及排版方式来实现前景化；从音位层来看，前景化靠对同一音素的复现来实现；从词汇层来看，新词的创造、词汇的缩略、混成及旧词新义等实现了对常规语言的偏离，此外，频繁使用短小词和数字也将报道推向前景；句法层上，体育新闻报道则通过对主动语态、引语等的频繁使用和时态的特殊用法来实现前景化；语义层的前景化主要集中在新闻标题中暗喻、提喻、转喻及双关等的使用。

Because conceptual metaphor as well as the metonymy possesses the specific cognitive feature of highlighting and hiding some aspects of a concept, the euphemistic expressions organized by metaphor and metonymy play the role of downplaying the negative and unpleasant aspects of the tabooed things.

认知语言学认为概念隐喻和转喻都具有突出一个概念的某个方面而同时掩盖其他方面的作用，所以通过隐喻和转喻形成的委婉语可以掩盖被禁忌概念中反面的，另人不愉快的方面。

Metonymies and metaphors, two mechanisms in cognitive linguistics, can be used to account for, in some instances, the generation of polysemies.

多义性」产生的机制之一是认知语言学中的「转喻」及「隐喻」手法，本文的主旨在於以闽南语动词性「食」字在实际语料中的分布，来了解多义性是如何透过转喻及隐喻的途径，体现在真实语言中。

The most outstanding, easy-to-perceive and well-understood one, namely, the salient aspect is paid more attention to by people in the process of cognizing the world.

近年来发展起来的认知语言学，从全新的角度考察了转喻和隐喻，认为转喻和隐喻都是人类重要的思维方式，是人类认识客观世界的重要手段。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新