转喻

From the ascepts of the nature, cognitive model, restriction principle and interactive relationship between metonymy and metaphor , analyzes and explains the mouth/ teeth/ lip/ tongue-speech, discusses the national difference of mouth/ teech/ lip/ tongue-speech by language comparison.

论文从转喻的本质、知模型、约原则以及转喻与隐喻的互动关系四个方面对汉英日语中的"口齿唇舌—言语"转喻进行分析和解释，并通过语言对比，论及"口齿唇舌—言语"转喻系统的民族差异。

Moreover,through the review of relevant literature on CIT,we find that there are still some aspects left uncovered or seldom covered. These aspects are as follows:(1)for the issue of the role of metonymy in conceptual integration,and the aspects of the role of metonymy in satisfying optimality principle;(2)the applications of metonymy in English and Chinese idiomatic expressions,especially in the two special kinds of Chinese idioms—set phrases and wisecracks.

通过对相关文献的回顾，我们发现还有一些方面论述较少或没有论述到，这些方面如下：(1)关于转喻在概念整合中的作用，以及转喻在满足概念整合的优化原则中的作用；(2)转喻在英语和汉语熟语中的应用，尤其是汉语熟语中所特有的两种形式，即成语和歇后语等转喻性和隐喻性表达在概念整合网络中的在线意义构建和幕后认知。

The exploration of the metaleptic reality, of the Platonic metaxy, as well as the articulation of the exploratory action through language symbols, in Plato's case of his Myths, are the central concern of the philosopher's efforts.

这种由言辞开启的对现实世界的探索，（柏拉图式的言辞转喻，译注：&言辞转喻的实在&即所谓的idea，即&理念&，而言辞转喻即理念的辨证运动，此后都翻译为&理念&），也可以称为一种借助语言符号而达到对世界清晰理解的探索行为（表现在柏拉图的虚构对话中），关乎着哲学家最核心的努力。

Based on the classification of metonymy, this paper has compared and analyzed the similarity and difference of metonymic thought between Chinese and English respectively from lexical, grammatical and discoursal perspectives.

本文以转喻的分类为基础，分析了汉英在词汇，语法，话语三个层次上转喻思维的异同，从而在揭示一般思维方式和语言能力之间关系的同时，进一步指出转喻研究在二语习得中的教学意义。

The Metonymical property manifests itself in the extension of the nominatum of body terms to the person, to the unit of measurement, to the physical features or functions possessed by body parts, and to the action of body parts.

人体词语词义的转喻性包括人体词语转指人、人体词语转指长度单位、人体词语转指人体相应部位的特征或功能、人体词语转指人体部位相应的动作行为四个方面的转喻。

Polysemy is discussed from the perspective of prototype, cognitive metaphor and metonymy, discovering that a polysemic word constitutes a semantic category with its primary meaning as the prototype while other members in that category are derived from it, exhibiting a family resemblance and degrees of typicality as well, and that the extension of word meaning is mainly achieved through metonymical thinking based upon contiguity and metaphorical thinking based upon similarity.

利用原型范畴理论、认知隐喻和转喻角度分析一词多义现象，认为一个词的多个义项是从原型义项演变而来的，并且表现出不同程度的家族相似性，同时又表现出不同程度的原型义项身份；词义延伸又主要通过转喻和隐喻的认知思维结构，即转喻的邻近性和隐喻的相似性思维特征来实现。

More importantly, with this empirical investigation we manifest how constantly human beings think and speak metonymically.

藉由探究转喻在中文真实口语语料中的呈现，我们证实了转喻系统的确不断地在语言和思想中运作，换言之，转喻是我们思考和说话所仰赖的重要机制。

To classify metonymies, it is necessary to take into account two criteria, the degree of genericity and the ontological nature of domains, according to which metonymies can be classified into two kinds, high-level metonymies and low-level metonymies.

关于转喻的分类，本文提出两个标准，类属程度和认知域的本体特征。根据这两个标准，转喻可简约地分为高层转喻与低层转喻。高层转喻直接利用类属ICM进行映射，影响语言结构，从这层意义上说，它是语法转喻。

In addition, there are entrenched uses of referential metonymies observed in our corpus data, which reveals how our recurrent interaction with outer environment gives rise to the saliency of particular concepts and how these concepts, universal or culture-specific alike, further lead to language routinization.

除此之外，本篇研究观察到固定化指涉转喻(entrenched referential metonymy)的现象，我们认为这种固定化的转喻起因於人类与外在环境或文化社群的不断互动，当某些概念在互动过程中一再地被突显，这些概念将会频繁地被使用作转喻的来源范畴，并且进一步固定成惯例化的语言形式。

Based on the degree of genericity and the ontological nature of domains, metonymies can be classified into two kinds, high-level metonymies and low-level metonymies.

从类属程度和认知域的本体特征出发，转喻可分为高阶转喻与低阶转喻，高阶转喻直接利用类属ICM进行映射，影响语言结构，具有语法转喻的特性。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新