转化率

Results showed that AOT reversed micellar systems provided a suitable micro-environment for biodiesel production. The optimal parameters were: the ratio of water and AOT 11, AOT concentration 50 mmol/L, temperature 40℃, pH 7, molar ratio of methano and oil 3, and rotating speed 180 r/min. The transesterification rate reached 90% when a 3-step methanolysis protocol was used.

研究结果表明： AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系为Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶催化提供了较为合适的微环境，在W0为11，表面活性剂浓度为50 mmol/L，温度为40℃，缓冲液pH值为7的AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系中，醇油摩尔比为3∶1，摇床转速为180 r/min，采用12h3次流加1 mol当量的甲醇，单批最高酯转化率可以达到90%。

Secondly, the silver based catalysts modified by phosphorus, zirconium, zinc, potassium and so on using molecular sieve as carrier, which were produced by ion-exchange method, had also good catalytic performance for 1,2-propane glycol oxidation to methylglyoxal. The conversion of 1,2-propane glycol and the selectivity of methylglyoxal were both high, and the impurity such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the product is little. At the condition of the temperature 300 ℃, the molar ratio of oxygen to 1,2-propane glycol 1.7:1, the space velocity 6000h~(-1), and the concentration of 1,2-propane glycol 70wt%, the conversion of 1,2-propane glycol is 90% and the selectivity of methylglyoxal is 45% on the Ag-P catalyst.

其次对采用离子交换法制备的负载在分子筛上的银系催化剂进行了研究，发现此催化剂在助催化剂磷、锆、锌、钾等的作用下对丙二醇的低温氧化脱氢具有很高的活性，可以得到较好的丙酮醛的收率，并且产物中的甲醛、乙醛副产物的量比较低；经过对Ag-P催化剂上反应条件的考察，发现当温度为300℃、氧醇比1.7：1、空速6000h~(-1)、丙二醇浓度为70wt%时，丙二醇的转化率为90%，丙酮醛的选择性为45%。

Influences of reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, molar ratio of methanol to propylene oxide and reaction time on conversion of propylene oxide, yield and selectivity of propylene glycol monomethyl ether were studied.

在反应温度为120～130℃、催化剂用量为0.20%～0.30%、甲醇与环氧丙烷摩尔比为3/1～5/1的反应条件下，环氧丙烷的转化率在98％以上，丙二醇甲醚的选择性达95％，收率达93％，产品中伯醚的选择性为92％～93％。

First of all, a monophase microemulsion was prepared with Triton X-100 as surfactant, and the nitration of phenols by concentrated nitric acid in the systems was studied. The influence of the mass fraction of nitric acid, oil/water volume ratio, reaction temperature and other factors on the reaction conversion and selectivity was examined.

首先在非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100形成的单相微乳体系中，用浓硝酸对苯酚进行选择性硝化反应，研究了硝酸的质量分数、微乳中油/水比、反应温度等因素对反应转化率及硝化选择性的影响。

The analytical results have shown that p ro ducts mainly consisted of some monosubstituted, disubstituted and a few trisub stituted naphthalenes. Except the low activity of HZSM-5 catalyst, all other z eolite catalysts have higher activity. HY and Hβ catalytic activities were the highest, and their naphthalene conversions attained to 79.12 and 55.79 percent respectively, but their selectivities for 2-isopropylnaphthalene, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene(2,6-DIPN) and 2,7-diisopropylnaphthalene ( 2,7-DIPN) were too low. ZM catalysts had good activity and much better selecti vity, especially for ZM4-3, of which its 2,6-DIPN/2,7-DIPN ratio was 2.97. Th er efore, some zeolite catalysts are recommended for shape selective isopropylat ion of coal tar naphthalene.

研究结果表明，煤焦油萘异丙基化产物主要由一取代萘、二取代萘以及少量三取代萘组成；除HZSM-5活性较低以外，其它催化剂均有较高的反应活性，其中HY和Hβ反应活性最高，萘转化率分别达75.15％和55.96％，但β位产物的选择性较差；ZM类催化剂既有一定的活性，又有较高的β选择性，是萘择形异丙基化反应理想的备选催化剂。

As to MNa-ZSM-5, the order is CuNa-ZSM-5〓AgNa-ZSM-5＞CeNa-ZSM-5＞ CoNa-ZSM-5〓FeNa-ZSM-5＞Na-ZSM-5. Among the samples tested, CoHZSM-5 shows the highest activity, the conversion of NO is about 60%, and the activity is higher than that of CoNa-ZSM-5 with the same exchanged level. Suggests that the exist of some Bronsted acidity is benefited for this reaction. For Fe-ZSM-5, the activity are changed obviously with the various of preparation condition. It was also found that mordenite zeolite is a good support for this reaction.

其中，Co-HZSM-5表现出最佳的反应活性，NO的最高转化率达60％以上，并且活性明显高于具有相同交换度的CoNa-ZSM-5，表明适量的酸中心存在有利于该反应的进行；对于Fe-ZSM-5，制备条件不同Fe-ZSM-5的反应活性影响很大，反应的活性中心应是处在交换位上的铁离子；另外，通过考察不同载体对铁离子交换分子筛催化剂反应性能的影响，发现丝光分子筛也是较好的催化剂载体。

Then, the multidentate amine immobilized on silica gel was used as ligand for CuCl in ATRA of CCl_4 with MMA and methyl trichloroacetate with St repeatly. The conversion and purity of the product were determined through the gas chromatography and ~1H NMR respectively. Finally, the multidentate amine immobilized on silica gel was used as ligand for CuCl in ATRP of St initiated by TCPP and MMA initiated by MMTCB. The number average molecular weights of the polymers were determined through GPC.

此多齿胺改性硅胶配体被分别多次重复用于四氯化碳与甲基丙烯酸甲酯，三氯乙酸甲酯与苯乙烯的ATRA反应中，通过气相色谱测定了原料的转化率随时间的变化，且通过核磁~1H NMR测定了产物的纯度，我们还进一步将此种多齿胺改性硅胶配体用于TCPP引发St的ATRP和MMTCB引发MMA的ATRP反应中，通过GPC测定所得聚合物的分子量。

Effects of the pretreatment of catalysis, reaction temperature, the ratio of the reactants, the substrate-catalyst ratio and the content of the promoter on the reaction properties of NaK catalysts has been studied in a wide range.

本实验用超声波技术激活金属钾钠合金低共熔物催化剂，考察了催化剂预处理，反应温度，原料配比，催化剂用量以及加入助剂用量等因素对钾钠液态低共熔物催化剂上邻二甲苯与1，3-丁二烯合成OTP反应转化率的影响。

In addition, the influences of BIS on the activities of lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro were studied, including the blast transformation of lymphocytes, the number of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase positive lymphocyes, the cytostatic effect of hepatic LGL against hepatoma cells, in older to provided the most adequate scientific foundation for the best application of hepatoma immunotherapy.

此外还对上述不同免疫制剂在体应用对正常大鼠血淋巴细胞转化率及酸性非特异性酯酶阳性淋巴细胞数量的影响；不同免疫制剂对分离培养的肝大颗粒淋巴细胞抑肝癌细胞增殖的直接影响的研究，为肝癌免疫治疗的更佳选择提供更充分的科学依据。

The microwave-assisted reactions could be finished within several minutes to give high conversion and selectivity.Substrates whose aryl groups were substituted phenyl or naphthyl groups were more suitable in this reaction.

以TfOH为催化剂，在优化的反应条件下，大部分反应都可在数分钟内完成，该反应对于芳基是取代苯环或萘环的的底物效果较好，能得到较高的原料转化率和产物选择性。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！