转化

This chapter mainly takes NBP of CSPC as a sample, through the establishment of training evaluation model to establish the direct contact of training effectiveness transformation and staff performance, and improved the training system and training effectiveness transformation, enhanced the employee performance significantly, validated the effectiveness of training evaluation model.

本章主要以石药集团XX公司作为样本，通过建立培训效果转化模型，建立起培训效果转化与员工绩效的直接联系，改善了培训体系，培训效果进行有效转化，员工绩效提升明显，验证了培训效果转化模型的有效性。

The best optimum conditions of the Agrobacterium mediated genetic transfornation were that leaves explants were immersed in the diluter 10 times Agrobacterium bacilli at OD600 of 0.6 for 8 minutes after being pre-cultured for 2 days,and then co-cultivated for 3 days.Then these explants were transferred to selected and rooting medium which contained 50 mg/L Kanamycin and 500 mg/L Carbenicillin.According to the transformation system, 54 transgenic plants were initially screened,then after PCR analysis and RT-PCR analysis 25 transgenic plants were obtained.

根癌农杆菌介导的芪合酶基因遗传转化的最佳条件为：将预培养2 d的烟草外植体，用稀释10倍的GV3101菌株菌液（OD600=0.6）浸染8 min后，共培养3 d，然后转入含卡那霉素50 mg/L和羧苄青霉素500 mg/L的筛选分化培养基上诱导分化，待抗性芽长到2～3 cm后，转入含Km 50 mg/L和Cb 500 mg/L的筛选生根培养基上进行筛选，在以上最佳遗传转化条件下，初步筛选到54株转化体，经PCR和RT-PCR检测获得25株转化烟草植株。

The hydantoin convert enzyme used in this essay is D2 hydantoinase, which has very high convert activity for D2 hydantoin. Therefore, if the used process of conversion do not occur the enzyme, the racemizatoin of hydantoin will be a speed limited step for the process that hydantoinase produce optical active amino acid.

本文采用的海因转化酶系中所含为 D2海因酶，对D2海因的转化活性非常高，由此可见，如若采用的转化体系中没有消旋酶的存在，则海因的消旋成为海因酶转化生产光学活性氨基酸的一个限速步骤。

The changes of the ion exchange percentage E of the interaction of both in the presence of the glycine have been presented.The results are that the effects of the transform sand and untransform sand on the adsorption are different,which agree with the reality and the theory inferrer.

结果表明：当沉积物分别为转化沙和未转化沙时，其对重金属的吸附作用的影响是不同的，且实验结果与理论推测和实际是一致的；甘氨酸的存在对不同金属离子分别与转化沙和未转化沙相互作用的离子交换率E-pH曲线的影响各不相同。

In the spiral pipe heat exchanger exports terminal, the ammonia steam temperature has been heated up 85 ℃--95 ℃, by now, the ammonia steam had the 45kg-55kg/cm2 ammonia steam pressure, sent in the ammonia steam turbine through the constant temperature pipeline, impelled ammonia steam turbine revolving, led the generator electricity generation;After the ammonia steam makes the merit release energy, the temperature drop, the returns ammonia storage tank, passes through again adjusts the press pump to press into the spiral pipe-type heat exchangers to carry on the next circulation;Including the ammonia steam turbine entire ammonia steam road is becomes the independent closed cycle system, is isolates completely with the outside air;The ammonia steam only plays the carryhome and the shift energy role, in the electricity generation process does not consume the actuating medium, the stored energy carrier water also is only gets up the carryhome and the shift energy function,The waterway also is from becomes the independent closed cycle system, in the electricity generation process also the needless water consumption, through the actuating medium ammonia steam and the stored energy carrier water unceasing shuttle service, transforms through the heat interchanger the solar energy as the actuating medium ammonia steam heat energy and the kinetic energy,With the aid of the ammonia steam turbine heat - machine transformation function and the generator machine - electricity transformation function, has realized the solar energy hot - electricity entire conversion process, transforms continuously the solar energy into the electrical energy, power supply for foreign;The low temperature generating system must solve three big technical keys:One, the anticorrosion (has actuating medium has strong corrosiveness), two is Explosion-proof (Some actuating medium Can have the detonation with the air mix when divulging, controls warm malfunction, elevates temperature suddenly also can have detonation), three is guards against the revolution axis divulging

以太阳能低温发电系统为例，低温发电方法是这样进行的：以水作为储能载体的太阳能采集器将太阳能采集起来，将水温提升至85℃--98℃；用氨作为工作介质储于氨储罐及氨汽路中；采用螺旋管型热交换器；用调压泵将氨储罐中的氨汽压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管内，用调压泵将携带太阳能的85℃--98℃的储能载体热水压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管外壁空间进行循环式热交换，在热交换器的螺旋管出口端，氨汽温度已被加热到85℃--95℃，这时，氨汽具有45kg—55kg/cm2的氨汽压力，通过恒温管道送入氨汽轮机，推动氨汽轮机旋转，带动发电机发电；氨汽作功释放能量后，温度下降，返回氨储罐，再经调压泵压入螺旋管型热交换器进行下一次循环；包括氨汽轮机在内的整个氨汽汽路是自成独立的封闭循环系统，与外界空气是完全隔绝的；氨汽只起携带和转移能量的作用，发电过程中并不消耗工作介质，储能载体水也是只起携带和转移能量的作用，水路也是自成独立的封闭循环系统，发电过程中也不消耗水，通过工作介质氨汽和储能载体水的不断循环运行，通过热交换器将太阳能转化为工作介质氨汽的热能和动能，借助氨汽轮机的热—机转化功能和发电机的机—电转化功能，实现了太阳能的整个热—电转化过程，将太阳能源源不断地转变为电能，对外供电；低温发电系统要解决的三大技术关键：一是防腐（有的工作介质具有较强的腐蚀性）、二是防爆（有的介质泄漏与空气混合会产生爆炸，控温失灵，急剧升温也会产生爆炸）、三是防轴漏（汽轮机是动态旋转体，必须解决工作介质的防轴漏问题）。

Fig 2 Inverted phase-contrast photomicrograph of immortalized human lymphoid cell line established by in vitro immunization and DNA transfection.

DNA转染淋巴细胞的形态学：转染后第8 d，在倒置相关显微镜下可见转化细胞灶，转化细胞体积较淋巴细胞大，略显大小不一，密度较未转化细胞高，但仍保持典型的淋巴样细胞形态。第2周可见簇状的转化细胞集落，其细胞数量迅速增加。

The Solar Plexus is the point at which the part meets with the whole, where the finite becomes Infinite, where the Uncreate becomes create, the Universal becomes individualized, the Invisible becomes visible.

因为，太阳丛是部分和整体的交汇点，在这里，有限转化为无限，寂灭转化为创造，宇宙转化为个体，无形转化为可见。

In bioconv ertion experiment for spiramycin of No.5 transformant, the bioconversion product was analysed with TLC, bioautography, HPLC and mass spectrum.Results showed that the bioconvert product is propionyspiramycin. Propionyl acylase gene was l ocolized on 0.53 kb insert DNA fragment of recombinant pasmid pLJM95. Analysis result of DNA sequence showed that content of G+C is 68.2% for 0.53kb insert DNA fragment .

以No.5转化子对螺旋霉素进行生物转实验，其转化产物经薄层层析，生物显迹，高压液相色谱及质谱分析表明，与标准丙酰螺旋霉素一致，这说明 No.5 转化子具有将螺旋霉素生物转化为丙酰螺旋霉素的能力，丙酰化酶基因位于重组质粒，pIJM95 0.53kb 插入DNA片段上。

To distinguish transformed and untransformed cells and tissues, this review provides a summary of marker genes in terms of classification, working principles, application and problems.

它在遗传转化中的关键作用是区分转化和非转化的细胞，以筛选并鉴定出转化的细胞、组织和转基因植株。目前，已报道的标记基因种类很多，划分标准也各不相同。

The present dissertation deals with:(1) Exploring the feasibility of the CO〓 methanation and the conversion CH〓/H〓 into C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma with catalyst at ambient temperature and atmosphere.(2) Designing a reactor and preparing some catalysts suited for the conversion of carbon dioxide via the cooperation effect of plasma and catalysts.(3) Optimizing reaction conditions of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons in the proposed process.(4) Studying the reaction mechanism of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma by using in situ OES technology.(5) By the results of characterizing coked catalysts, exploring the reasons that result in the coking of catalyst and the paths for decreasing the deposit in the catalyst under plasma.(6) Analyzing the energy efficiency of the plasma catalysis and exploring the paths for improving the energy efficiency.

论文的主要研究工作包括：（1）探索脉冲电晕等离子体与催化剂共同作用CO〓／H〓甲烷化和由CH〓/H〓合成C〓烃反应的可行性；（2）研制等离子体催化CO〓转化的反应器和适配的催化剂；（3）优化等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的工艺条件和电参数；（4）利用原子发射光谱原位技术对等离子体反应的诊断结果，对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的机理进行推断；（5）通过对积碳催化剂的表征结果，分析积碳的类型及其成因，并探讨减少积碳的途径；（6）通过对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应能量效率的分析，探讨提高等离子体催化反应能量效率的途径。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。