转化

The synthesis of the pentacyclic skeleton of Et-743 and the construction of the five chiral centers thereof.1. The core pentacyclic skeleton of phthalascidin was constructed with L-dopa as the starting material via thirteen steps. First, two basic synthons, the C-1 functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds 8 and N-protected Z-dopa derivative 9, were prepared from L-dopa. They were coupled via amide bond to form the dipeptide compounds 10, which were the first key intermediates. Then the primary hydroxyl groups were transformed into the corresponding amino aldehydes 11 via Swern oxidation. Followed by the intramolecular Pictet-Spengler cyclization, the pentacyclic compounds 12 were synthesized.

五环骨架的构建及五个正确手性中心的确立：1.1我们以L-多巴为起始原料，经过多步官能团保护和转化合成了基本结构单元8然后和苯丙氨酸衍生物9，通过缩合反应生成酰胺中间体10，经Swern氧化得到醛化合物11，然后再次利用分子内改良的Pictet-Spengler反应一步构建c，d两环，得到五环骨架化合物12，最后，实现了21-位羰基向氰基的转化，得到了C-1位官能化的化合物14，化合物14不但具有和Et-743一致的五环骨架，而且分子中五个手性中心立体构型也与其完全相同：其中，3，位和13，位的手性中心由原料L-多巴带入，而1，位，11，位和21，位手性中心则通过不对称诱导而确立。

This paper gave the detailed reviews on previous research results on contaminant transportion and transformation, and pointed the unsolved problems and direction of the research. Analytical solation, numerical modeling and physical tests were used to investigate contaminant transportion and transformation in soil and groundwater in present study.

本文在评述污染物迁移转化研究进展的基础上，分析了现有成果的存在问题和研究的发展趋势，采用了数学模型解析计算、数值计算和物理模型试验相结合的方法，对污染物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化规律进行了深入研究。

Furthermore, the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on phosphate solubilization of TK-46 was investigated.

结果］结果表明，碳源对转化子解磷能力影响较小，而氮源的作用较大，其中转化子在解磷过程中最适氮源是氨态氮。

This study showed that the foreign gene has integrated into maize genome and the shoot apical point of maize as receipt sporophyte in transformation was feasible and high efficient.

初步证明外源基因已经整合到玉米基因组中，以玉米茎尖作为受体孢子体的转化系统用于基因转化是可行、高效的。

In particular, twin-screw-type air compressor is widely used in mechanical, metallurgical, power electronics, pharmaceuticals, packaging, chemicals, food, mining, textiles, transport, and other industrial fields, compressed air into the mainstream products air compressor, is to A standard atmospheric pressure of air through the transformation of the mode of energy output to meet the needs of users of air equipment, energy conversion generally be interpreted as mechanical energy to kinetic energy.

尤其是双螺杆式的空气压缩机被广泛应用机械，冶金，电子电力，医药，包装，化工，食品，采矿，纺织，交通等众多工业领域，成为压缩空气的主流产品空压机，就是把一个标准大气压的空气通过能量转化的方式输出来满足用户需求的空气的设备，能量转化一般都是可理解为机械能转为动能。

Preparation and corrosion resistance of stannate conversion coatings on Mg-10Li-1Zn alloys;2. The corrosion resistance of phytic acid conversion coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy surface was studied by electrochemical methods.

利用电化学方法研究了AZ91D镁合金表面植酸转化膜耐蚀性能；借助SEM、EDAX和FTIR等方法分析了转化膜的形貌、成分和官能团构成等，并对成膜机理进行了研究。

H2O conversion film is formed after treatment in the stannate solution, and the immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization show that the stannate conversion treatment can provide good protection to the AZ91D alloy.

H2O为主要成分的转化膜，转化膜由细小的球形颗粒密积而成；腐蚀性能评价证明它可对基体合金起到一定的防护作用。

The directly electroless nickel plating, the stannate conversion processing and the electroless nickel plating on the surface of the magnesium alloys that have formed the stannate chemical conversion film on their surface were researched.

论文摘要：本文以AZ91D合金为研究对象，对其进行直接化学镀镍、锡酸盐化学转化处理以及在形成锡酸盐化学转化膜的镁合金表面进行化学镀镍。

In order to enhance the anti-corrosive performance of ZK60 magnesium alloy,the chemical conversion coating s on ZK60 magnesium alloy obtained from phosphate or stannate solutions were studied.

结果表明：在磷酸盐溶液中，当处理温度为50℃时，磷化30min后试样的电荷转移电阻为224.03Ω·cm2；当温度为80℃，反应时间为45min时，所得转换膜的Rct为377.67Ω·cm2，阻值最大，耐腐蚀性能最好；对于锡酸盐化学转化膜，90℃下，处理60min的膜层耐蚀性能最好，其Rct为388.32Ω·cm2，与磷酸盐化学转化膜相比，两种膜的保护性能相差不大。

With the idea of smoothing Newton method, we propose a new class of smoothing Newton methods for the nonlinear complementarity problem based on a class of special functions. In this paper, complementarity problem is converted into a series of smoothing nonlinear equations and a modified smoothing Newton algorithm is used to solve the equations. We use Newton direction and Gradient direction together in the algorithm which guarantees that our method is globally convergent. Also using another smoothing function, we reformulate the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems defined on a polyhedral cone as a system of smoothing equations and a smooth unconstrained optimization problem. Theoretical results that relate the stationary points of the merit function to the solution of the generalized nonlinear complementarity problems are presented, we use the modified smoothing Newton algorithm in generalized nonlinear complementarity problems, under mild hypothesis, a global convergence is proved.

本文一方面基于现有的各种光滑Newton法的思想和半光滑理论，利用著名的F-B互补函数的光滑形式，首先将互补问题的求解转化为求解一系列光滑的非线性方程组，然后给出了一种修正的光滑Newton法，该方法不仅放宽对函数F的要求，在Newton方程不可解时引入初始效益函数的最速下降方向，而且光滑因子的选择也比较简单可行，同时在适当的条件下，证明了其算法具有全局收敛性；另一方面，借助另一种F-B光滑函数，将多面体锥上的广义互补问题转化为一种光滑形式，讨论了优化问题的稳定点与广义非线性互补问题的解之间的理论关系，并将这种修正的光滑Newton法用于求解广义非线性互补问题中，在适当的条件下，该算法同样具有全局收敛性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。