转化

While the adsorptions of 1-propanol and 1-Br-propane at 100℃ give rise to 1-propoxy species, which mainly converted to propanal at higher temperature. IR spectrum arising from the interaction of propene with the catalyst at 100 ℃ shows the IR bands of allyl alcoholate and isopropoxy species. As the temperature was increased to 150℃, the bands ascribable to the adsorbed acetone and acrolein were observed. Based on these results, it is suggested that isopropoxy species is one of the intermediates for SOP to acrolein over MoPO/SiO〓 catalyst.

2原位IR光谱实验结果表明：200℃时丙烷/O〓混合气在催化剂表面吸附后的IR谱与同温度下异丙醇吸附的IR谱相似，均检测到吸附态丙酮物种和丙烯醛物种的IR谱峰；溴代异丙烷和异丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为异丙氧基，异丙氧基主要转化为丙烯和丙酮，丙烯进一步转化为丙烯醛；溴代正丙烷和正丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为正丙氧基，正丙氧基主要转化为丙醛；丙烯在催化剂表面吸附后转化为σ-氧烯丙基和异丙氧基，升温后σ-氧烯丙基转化为丙烯醛而异丙氧基转化为丙酮。

While the adsorptions of l-propanol and 1-Br-propane at 100 癈 give rise to 1-propoxy species, which mainly converted to propanal at higher temperature. IR spectrum arising from the interaction of propene with the catalyst at 100 癈 shows the IR bands of allyl alcoholate and isopropoxy species. As the temperature was increased to 150 癈, the bands ascribable to the adsorbed acetone and acrolein were observed. Based on these results, it is suggested that isopropoxy species is one of the intermediates for SOP to acrolein over MoPO/SiO2 catalyst.

原位IR光谱实验结果表明：200℃时丙烷／O_2混合气在催化剂表面吸附后的IR谱与同温度下异丙醇吸附的IR谱相似，均检测到吸附态丙酮物种和丙烯醛物种的IR谱峰；溴代异丙烷和异丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为异丙氧基，异丙氧基主要转化为丙烯和丙酮，丙烯进一步转化为丙烯醛；溴代正丙烷和正丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为正丙氧基，正丙氧基主要转化为丙醛；丙烯在催化剂表面吸附后转化为σ-氧烯丙基和异丙氧基，升温后σ-氧烯丙基转化为丙烯醛而异丙氧基转化为丙酮。

Finding owned company should take out no less than 30% from net income for one-time awarding the consummator and the conversion maker of the research finding, if the achievement is conversed or permitted to converse by others, and the one-time award of identified high-tech conversion projects should be no less than 40%. If the conversion is made by researcher himself or cooperated with others, the finding owned company should take out 15% of the after-tax profit for 3-5 years since the project has been successfully produced for awarding the consummator and the conversion maker of research finding, or pay one-time compensation referring such proportion, and the award of identified high-tech conversion projects should be no less than no less than 20% of after-tax profit. In joint-stock enterprises, in the case of introducing talents in the form of converting scientific and technical results shares, and the enterprises should give 30% of the value of the results as rewards. Shareholders will share the profits based on the shares they hold.

职务科技成果转让或许可他人实施转化的，科技成果拥有单位应当从净收入中提取不低于30％的比例，用于一次性奖励该项成果完成者和转化实施者，经认定的高新技术成果转化项目应当提取不低于40％的比例，用于一次性奖励；自行或与他人合作实施转化的，科技成果拥有单位应在项目成功投产3-5年内，按不低于该成果实施转化后实现的税后利润15％的比例，用于奖励该项科技成果完成者、转化实施者、或参照此比例给予一次性报酬，经认定的高新技术成果转化项目可按不低于税后利润20％的比例用于奖励；在股份制企业中，引进人才以入股方式转化其职务科技成果的，企业应给予其该科技成果作价入股金额30％的股份作为报酬，持股人依据其所持股份分享收益。

This chapter emphasizes on the five issues. Firstly, the relation between the transformation from savings to investment and the fund's formation. Its purpose is to reveal the formation way of the funds and how to improve its efficiency of utilization. Secondly, the analysis of the supply behavior of the transformation from savings to investment. It mostly analyzes the savings' behaviors of the government, enterprises and residents and their economic effects. Thirdly, the analysis of the demand behavior of the transformation from savings to investment. It stresses on discussing the enterprise's choices of the financing structures and forms on the premise of pursuing the maximum profit, through analyzing the basic features of each social financial entity. Fourthly, it clearly points out the kinds of transformative mechanism from savings to investment and its impactive factors. Finally, it emphases the importance and realizing path of the transformative mechanism in our country that is changed from combining bank with capital market to the market leading, through analyzing the mechanism and its practice in China.

本章重点讨论五个问题：第一，储蓄向投资转化与资金形成的关系，目的是揭示资金的形成途径及如何提高其使用效率；第二，储蓄向投资转化的供给行为分析，主要分析政府、企业和居民的储蓄行为及其经济效应；第三，储蓄向投资转化的需求行为分析，通过分析社会各融资主体的基本特征，重点探讨企业在追求收益最大化前提下融资结构和融资形式的选择；第四，储蓄向投资的转化机制，主要探讨了储蓄向投资转化机制及其制约因素；第五，通过对中国储蓄向投资转化机制的历史考察和现状分析，明确指出了我国储蓄向投资的转化机制由银行与资本市场并存型转向市场主导型的重要性和实现路径。

Furthermore, the premise of transformation must not be accomplished,some transformed crimes can transform frome preparatory and incompleted.

转化犯有其独特的构成特征，它是一种犯罪向另一种犯罪的转化，基本罪与转化罪必须是性质完全不同的两种犯罪，并且这种转化是轻罪向重罪的转化，转化的结果是对行为人依法律规定之转化后的犯罪定罪处罚。

Of science and technology changing is a very complex process, look from the angle of engineering, it is basic research, application studies what study to development to change, it is science of fundamental science, technology to project technology change process; to look from economics angle, it is one is motivation with economic interest, the possibility from science and technology to economic feasibility change process; to look from philosophical angle, it is sex of cause and effect to purpose sex change, the uniqueness that is scientific principle is reached to technical diversity change a course manipulatively.

科学技术的转化是一个非常复杂的过程，从工程学的角度看，它是基础研究、应用研究向发展研究的转化，是基础自然科学、技术科学向工程应用科学的转化过程；从经济学角度看，是一个以经济利益为动力，从科学技术的可能性向经济可行性的转化过程；从哲学的角度看，是因果性向目的性的转化，是科学原理的唯一性向技术多样性及功利性的转化过程。

Paper electrophoresis showed that the Onobrychis viciaefolia and Medicago sativa cell line transformed with A〓 synthesized agropine and mannopine, and Onobrychis viciaefolia cell line transformed with LBA9402 Bin19 only synthesized agropine.

红豆草转化系获得再生植株。LBA9402 Bin19转化系可以抗100mg／l卡那霉素。苜蓿A4转化系未能得到再生植株。纸电泳分析表明红豆草A4转化系和苜蓿A〓转化系可以合成农杆碱和甘露碱，而红豆草LBA9402Bin19转化系只能合成农杆碱。

Taking the environment of China as background, the author refers to the related policies and some successful examples of both civil and foreign countries, According to the characteristics and realities of BIT, she analyzes some ready-made organizations and future conditions and gives some suggestions for how to improve the transferal system of BIT.

它们在机制中的地位是转化渠道是根本、转化服务管理是支撑、转化激励是手段。笔者以我国的国情为背景，相关政策法规为前提，以国内外各大学成果转化成功案例为参考，并根据北京理工大学的特点、实际状况，来展开对北京理工大学横向科技成果转化机制中这三个问题的研究，通过对现有机制分析和未来的设想，希望能对建立完善的北京理工大学横向科技成果转化机制提供一些思路。

To determine the role of neutral trehalase during storage stability of spores, we constructed a M.anisopliae RNAi transformant and an overexpression transformant. Analysis of these transformants revealed that the expression level of the neutral trehalase gene in RNAi transformant(No 688) was reduced to 50% of which found in wild type and the overexpression transformant(No 113) showed approximatlely 2-fold higher levels of neutral trehalase mRNA than that found in wild-type control.

构建了中性海藻糖酶基因RNA干扰载体和超表达载体，采用电转法和基因枪法转化金龟子绿僵菌CQMa102，获得了RNA干扰转化子和超表达转化子，比较这两种转化子和出发菌株的mRNA表达情况，发现RNA干扰转化子中性海藻糖酶mRNA表达受到抑制，而超表达转化子中性海藻糖酶mRNA的表达量是出发菌株的2倍。

Using this model three competence-deficient pneumococci, which was identified by PCR and transformation experiment, were constructed. It is found different strain has different bacterial optimal density for being induced into competence. The optimal density for strains 1, 2 and 22 was 0.1, 0.08and 0.07 respectively. The optimal condition for transformation is c plus y culture at pH8.0. In c plus y culture at pH6.8, which restrained pneumococci forming transformation naturally, pneumococci could be induced to form transformation by CSP.It is concluded that we could induce different S.pneumoniae by CSP into competence in their optimal density in laboratory. 2. It was discussed the relationship between pneumococcal transformation formation and its opportunistic pathogenesis. Comparing their virulence with that of parental strains by challenging mice intraperitoneally and adhering to ECV-304 cell respectively.

结果表明不同肺炎链球菌株的转化最适菌密度不同，1、2和22号菌株的最适转化密度分别为0.1、0.08和0.07；用于转化的CTM培养基最适为pH 8.0的C+Y培养基；在自然转化下不能诱导转化发生的pH 6.8的C+Y培养基中，使用CSP诱导，也能促使细菌发生转化，只是转化效率较低；结论：实验室条件下，不同细菌在一定菌密度时可利用CSP诱导肺炎链球菌成为感受态发生转化。2、为探讨肺炎链球菌转化对毒力表达的影响，本研究分别通过体外粘附人脐静脉血管内皮细胞ECV-304和体内小鼠毒力实验观察1、2和22号肺炎链球菌和其转化缺陷菌株1t、2t和22t毒力的差异。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。