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The torque ripple in direct torque control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed. To decrease the torque ripple in PMSM DTC, a PMSM DTC system based on the strategy of modulating the time of voltage vector is proposed .

讨论了永磁同步电机直接转矩控制转矩脉动问题，针对永磁同步电机直接转矩控制存在较大脉动转矩的缺点，提出了一种模糊调节电压矢量作用时间的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制策略。

Inaddition,we extract total RNA from cultural U251 cell of humanglioma,make coding gene extron amplification of TfR through ReverseTranscription-Polymerase Chain Reaction,construct expressionplasmid of pCDNA3.1-TfR after digestion of enzyme andconjunction,do transfection to U251 cell by liposome afteridentification,cause excess expression,detect the efficiency of transientexpression of TfR protein by pEGFPN1-TfR, sieve positive cell ofpCDNA3.1-TfR through G418, choose positive cell clone, detect theexpression of TfR in anteroposterior period through Western blot,FCM,cell immunochemistry and mRNA through RT-PCR, identify the effect of transfection.

另外，培养人脑胶质瘤U251细胞，进行细胞总RNA抽提，运用RT-PCR方法进行TfR基因的完整编码区外显子的扩增，经过酶切、连接后构建pCDNA3.1-TfR的表达质粒，鉴定正确后按脂质体转染方法转染人胶质瘤U251细胞，使其过量表达，通过pEGFPN1-TfR检测其瞬时转染的效率；用G418对稳定表达pCDNA3.1-TfR的细胞进行筛选，挑选阳性细胞克隆，运用Western blot、流式细胞检测技术和细胞免疫化学以及mRNA半定量的方法检测TfR在转染前后的表达水平，鉴定转染的效果。

And There was no serious complication;②In the course ofinterventional therapy, Direct portal vein angiography demonstrated vena coronaria ventriculi(100%)andgastricveins(65.26%)andvenagastricaposterior38.43%, Angiography demonstrated venacoronariaventriculi communicate esophagus varicose veins, gastric veins and vena gastrica posterior communicategastric varicose veins. vena coronaria ventriculi had only a small percentage of double vein, about30.57%. The sites of vena coronaria ventriculi arising from the portal vein, splenic vein, portosplenic junction, were found in 52.06%、27.39%、20.55% respectively.③12 extrahepaticprotosystemic shunts were found in these patients. Include gastro-nephrosshuntof 3 cases, 7 caseswere splenetic- nephros shunt and 2 cases shown recanalization of umbilical vein .④The averageportal pressure before and after the procedure were 3.87±1.82kPa and 3.64±1.14kPa in 73patients, but to the time of rebleeding, it was 3.96±0.23kPa in the 11 cases.⑤There werethree kinds of variceal outcome: disappearance (54,low degree (19).⑥Spearman logisticanalyse and ANOVAtest shown liver function class, variceal degree of the splenic necrosis area,the blood direction in portal vein before operation and remain small collateral routes were thesignificant factors concerning outcome of varices.⑦The bleeding volume and portalhypertensive gastropathy are main risk factors of rebleeding.⑧The course of livercirrhosis is the risk factor of survival and extrahepatic portosystemic shunt , fine varices are thebeneficial factors to survival.⑨During all cases'followed-up data, the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 yearcumulative survival rates and rebleeding rates were 17.81%, 28.77%, 38.36%, 43.84%, 47.95%and93.15%,91.78%,86.30%,83.56%,80.82%respectively. Conclusion The interventional disconnection treatment for liver cirrhosis and portalhypertension was designed suitability. It rapidlycontrol bleeding,butpressure of portal vein was notobvious high, perfusion was not low .it was compared with surgery therapeutic that interventionaldisconnection treatment was safe and had a significant clinical effect to hemorrhage and preventfrom rebleeding.

结果：①术后一过性发热62例(84.9%)，腹痛腹胀48例(65.8%)是介入断流术常见的并发症，未发生严重并发症；②门静脉造影显示胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉和胃后静脉的曲张分流的出现率是100%、65.26%和38.34%；显示食管静脉曲张主要由胃冠状静脉供血，胃静脉曲张主要由胃短静脉和胃后静脉供血；胃冠状静脉大多数为单支，少数为双支，其双支的出现率分别为30.57%；胃冠状静脉开口于门静脉主干的为52.06%，开口于脾静脉主干的为27.39%和开口于门脾静脉交汇处的为20.55%；③发现胃肾分流3例，脾肾分流7例、腹膜后门腔静脉分流2例，以及CTA检查发现脐静脉开放者2例；④73例患者介入断流术前和术后平均自由门静脉压力分别为3.87±1.82kpa和3.64±1.14kpa，前后比较存在显著性差异；11例再次介入手术患者的术前、术后和复发后的自由门静脉压力分别为4.02±0.24kpa、3.82±0.25kpa和3.93±0.23kpa ，前后比较发现首次术前与术后存在显著性差异，首次术前和复发出血术前门静脉压力比较无显著性差异；⑤介入术后复查曲张静脉转归基本消失54例，轻度19例；⑥Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析，肝功能分级、静脉曲张程度、门脉血流方向和残存小侧支四个因素对曲张静脉转归有影响；Spearman相关分析和Logistic多因素回归分析门脉高压性胃病和出血量等因素对复发出血时间有影响；⑦COX回归分析，门体分流和曲张静脉转归两个因素对术后生存有影响；⑧术后随访6-70月，1、2、3、4、5年的累计复发出血率和累计生存率分别为17.81%、28.77%、38.36%、43.84%、47.95%和93.15%、91.78%、86.30%、83.56%、80.82%；结论：介入断流术治疗门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张有独特的优点，可以快速直接控制曲张静脉出血而门静脉压力无显著增高，保证了肝脏灌注；与外科分流术相比适应证广、损伤轻、术后恢复快，不易遗漏曲张静脉；肝功能分级、曲张静脉程度、门脉血流方向和残存侧支血管对食管胃曲张静脉转归有影响；门脉高压性胃病对复发出血时间有影响；门体分流和曲张静脉转归对生存时间有影响。

Adenovirus 5第二军医大学博士学位论文英文摘要胸心外科专业(WAd5) and PDC-MLC-VEGF were transferred to the adenoviral packaging cell HEK 293cell by lipofectamine 2000 mediated gene transfer method to pack the virus; The desired Advectors were purified by density gradient ultracentrifuge and titrated in 293 cells afteridentified.

Ad.mlc-hVEGF165 体外转染心肌细胞的实验研究分离培养乳鼠心肌细胞，在同一 MOI 值下，Ad.mlc-hVEGF165 和 Ad.hVEGF165分别转染心肌细胞，以 RT-PCR 法和 Western 印迹分析法分别检测转染后心肌细胞内VEGF mRNA 的转录及 VEGF 蛋白的表达，以 ELISA 法检测转染后心肌细胞分泌的VEGF 蛋白质，MTT 等方法观察其对促内皮细胞增殖作用。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

The experimental result shows, Morpho butterfly's wing micro-structure forms the reflecting rate higher than the reflecting rate of other butterflies, so regard Morpho butterfly as and transfer to the micro-structure of printing, is observed by SEM and transfered to the vein micro-structure printed, demonstrate the same array scale as Morpho butterfly and carinate fin slice, small in more quantity than Morpho butterfly in the slight branch form structure, but metal micro-structure of color and luster printed off to transfer to raise reflect, it is it print off by AFM array carinate fin of alternate size nearly the width of 1.5μm to transfer to measure.

实验以高解析光学显微镜及紫外光/可见光光谱仪分析虎斑蝶、碧翠凤蝶、锯粉蝶、摩浮尔蝶蝶翼表面的光学反射、穿透与吸收特性，实验结果显示，转印的Morpho蝶翼微结构与真实摩浮尔蝶反射率较相近，故将Morpho蝶作为转印微结构，由SEM观察转印的翅脉微结构，呈现出与Morpho蝶相同的阵列鳞片与脊状的鳍片，虽细微的树枝状结构少，但转印出的微结构溅镀20nm的金属膜提高反射率，而由AFM检测转印出阵列脊状的鳍片间隔尺寸约为1.5μm的宽度。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。

A device that checks the correctness of transcribed data, usually by comparing with a second transcription of the same data or by comparing a retranscription with the original data.

核对转录的数据是否正确的一种设备，通常的做法是：将转录好的数据与同一数据的第二次转录进行比较，或令转录好的数据的再次转录与原数据进行比较。

Combination of source rock,reservoir and cap rockA device that checks the correctness of transcribed data, usually by comparing with a second transcription of the same data or by comparing a retranscription with the original data .

核对转录的数据是否正确的一种设备，通常的做法是：将转录好的数据与同一数据的第二次转录进行比较，或令转录好的数据的再次转录与原数据进行比较。

The main motor drive at full speed rotating drum, material feed tube in a row by the introduction of uniform distribution of Drum to the inside wall filter above, in the role of the centrifugal force, the liquid through the filter and drum-wall drum filter exhaust hole, Case liquid discharge pipe machine, solid-phase interception in the material inside the drum to form a circular cake layer.

主电机带动转鼓全速旋转，物料由进料管连续引入，均匀分布到转鼓内段滤网壁上，在离心力作用下，液相物穿过滤网和转鼓壁滤孔排出转鼓，经机壳排液管排出机外，固相物截留在转鼓内，形成环形滤饼层。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。