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Finally, from the argument of action, we conclude the five types of the disyllable word shift from verb to noun: agent, target, result, instrument, dative. Fourth chapter is about to the analysis of disyllable word shifted from verb to noun.

最后，从动作所涉及的论元的角度，归纳出了双音节动词转指名词的五种基本类型：转指动作施事、转指动作对象、转指动作结果、转指动作所凭借的工具、转指动作涉及的与事。

Results showed: in Podocarpus leaves, there is only one midrib, the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form, transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric, the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed; in Nageia leaves, there are plenty of parallel leaves, the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple, transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section, the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.

结果表明：罗汉松属叶1条主脉，主脉维管束木质部管胞发达，转输组织为苏铁型，转输组织管胞等径，栅栏组织和海绵组织之间的副转输组织管胞发达；竹柏属叶多条平行叶脉，维管束木质部管胞相对不发达，转输组织为红豆杉型，转输组织管胞纵向伸长，栅栏组织和海绵组织之间不存在副转输组织。

Using the Hprt gene as a positive control, our result suggested that both the testis tissue and the male embryos from which Sry transcription can be detected failed to yield any positive results of Xist. Female embryos at the pronucleus stage and 2-cell failed to produce any positive result of Sry and Xist too.

然后利用实验一确定的PCR条件，以Hprt为阳性对照，用巢式RT-PCR对小鼠早期胚胎进行Xist基因的转录分析，结果发现，转录Sry基因的睾丸组织以及雄性胚胎，从受精卵发育到囊胚的过程中，基本上不转录Xist基因；不转录Sry基因的雌性卵母细胞和雌性胚胎，从出现原核开始，到发育至2-细胞期的过程中，Xist基因一直不转录，但是，从4-细胞期开始，一直到孵化前囊胚阶段，雌性胚胎都转录Xist基因。

Introduction is made to the rotor spinning frame R40 based on technology of spinning box SC-R by Sussen regarding the advantages up to the world advanced level. Conclusion is made that both the auto and semi-auto rotor spinning frame BT series by Rioter produces quality yarn, with good performance-price ratio, thus leading the semi-auto rotor spinning frame. Sampling the rotor spinning BT923, analysis is done to the tech-edges. Conclusion is made that rotor spinning frame is a new mature spinning technology. It is recommended for China's selection for graded yarn production, yet performance-price is key to its competitiveness.

介绍瑞士立达公司在其R20型转杯纺纱机的技术基础上，应用德国绪森公司SC-R型纺纱箱技术研制的R40型转杯纺纱机的优越性能，使其达到当代科技水平；同时，分析认为立达公司制造的BT系列经济型、半自动转杯纺纱机生产的转杯纱质量高、有很好的性价比而在半自动转杯纺纱机系列中居领先地位，并以BT923型为例介绍了其多方面竞争优势；指出转杯纺纱技术是成熟的新型纺纱技术，是我国生产高档纱的应选机型，其性价比是取胜的关键。

There are three copies of R fragment in the S mt-genome, and each copy contains two closely adjacent open reading frames: orf355 and orf77. Among these three copies two BamHI fragments were cloned, and the sequence analysis showed that cox1 and cox2 gene lies upstream of the R region in each fragment, respectively. However, they locate in different strands and head to head with R. In this study, we found that:(1) The expression of cox1 and cox2 is not affected by the transcription of R region;(2) The two copies of R region transcribe in large amount in the microspores, and produce transcripts of 1.6kb and 2.8kb, respectively, in the sterile microspores; However, the abundance of these two transcripts is reduced in the fertility restored microspores, realized through the mRNA decay, and this reduction occurs at the uninucleate microspore stage;(3) In the sterile microspores, the 5 terminus of the 1.6kb transcript contains a palindrome region that can fold into a stem-loop.

本研究发现：(1) cox1和cox2的转录没有受到R区转录的影响；(2)两个拷贝的R区在在不育花粉中高丰度表达，其转录本大小分别为1.6kb和2.8kb；而在育性恢复的花粉中，这两个转录本的丰度被大大降低，进一步分析表明这一结果是通过mRNA分子的降解途径来实现的，此降解过程发生在单核花粉期；(3)在不育花粉中，1.6kb转录本的5′末端具有一段可形成茎环结构的迴文对称序列，而在可育花粉中，其5′末端短缺了9个碱基；(4)在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，R区转录本的加尾位点都集中位于一个3′茎环结构之后；(5)不管是在不育花粉还是育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均在第52位和100位核苷酸处发生了不同频率的C向U的编辑，从而形成UGA终止密码；(6)不管是orf55-orf77的成熟转录本还是转录前体分子，都已被加上了Poly尾巴，表明已进入降解途径；在以上实验结果的基础上，本研究对S型CMS花粉育性的恢复机理进行了如下推测：在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均发生了终止编辑，即由RNA编辑产生了提前终止密码子。

The results showed that 7-day-precultured embryogenic calli had the best responses for bombardment among 2-7 day' preculture duration. Enhanced transformation efficiency was found in the explants treated with high osmotic medium 4h prior to till 24 h after bombardment. Particles of gold and tungsten were both found suitable for rice transformation and there was no adverse effect when tungsten particles were reduced to 1/3 standard amount for DNA precipitation on transient GUS gene expression. However, it was found that gold particle had higher GUS expression at 120 h post-bombardment. A preliminary microprojectile transformation system with an average of 15-20 blue spots/explant GUS expression was routinely obtained for 'Tainung 67' by using the particle gun with 1,100 psi rupture disk, 6 or 9 cm microcarrier flight distance and 4 mm of macrocarrier flight distance setting.

初步结果显示，以预培养2~7日之胚性癒合组织逐日测试转殖率，以预培养7日之培植体表现最佳；培植体於转殖前4小时至转殖后24小时以高渗透压培养基处理，有助於转殖效率之提高；比较金、钨粒子对转殖率在转殖后48h並无不同，但转殖后120 h取样，则金粒子组有较高之蓝点数；钨粒子用量可减少至1/3標准用量对转殖率並无影响；利用基因鎗在使用1， 100 psi裂碟片、大载片至挡片之距离为4 mm、微载髁至射击目標之飞行距离6或9 cm之设定，GUS基因表现之平均蓝点数均可达15~20个／培植体。

By transcriptomic analysis, we found that there were 128 genes had both the sense and anti-sense transcripts our previous CB EST data. Unexpectedly, fifteen proteins with the corresponding antisense RNAs were identified in the proteomic study, implying that these sense RNAs could be translationally expressed, without being completely interrupted by the antisense RNAs.

在转录组中有128个基因的反义转录本以及相应的正义转录本序列，我们意外地发现，具有反义转录本的15个蛋白质出现在蛋白质组数据中，这个有趣的现象说明在反义转录本存在的条件下，正义转录本可以转录表达，而没有完全被反义转录本阻断。

As the inner and outsider baskets rotate at the same speed, the inner one, pushed by the piston, reciprocates axially and repeatedly. As a result, pusher plate pushes the cake layer in the inner basket to move out of it and then into the outside basket for further separation , a ring layer of cake being formed,while the outside section of the inner basket pushes the cake layer in the outside basket to move continuously out of the outside basket and then discharge it through the slot for scraper.

内、外转鼓同速旋转的同时，在活塞推动下，内转鼓连续轴向往复运动，因而推料盘推动内转鼓滤饼层间歇不断地向外移动排出内转鼓，进入外转鼓进一步分离并形成环形滤饼层，内转鼓外端面则推动外转鼓滤饼层间歇不断地向外移动排出外转鼓，经刮料槽排出机外。

Methods Fourteen mutated vpr fragments were selected from patients with HIV. Both eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 and PCR products were purified, double-cut by Hind Ⅲ and BamH Ⅰ, and the cut products were legated and transformed into competent cells JM109. The 14 reconstructed plasmids were transfected into Hela cells. Cells with pcDNA vpr-wt, pcDNA vpr-Fs and pcDNA3.1 blank cells, and without pcDNA3.1 cell were established.

以14个带有HIV-1vpr基因片段的PcD-NA3.1真核表达载体构建重组质粒，将其转染Hela细胞，并设立保守株vpr基因转染细胞、突变株vpr-FS基因转染细胞、空载体转染细胞和未转染细胞作为对照，经逆转录多聚酶链式反应检测目的基因转染成功后，Pi染色，用流式细胞仪检测被转染细胞的细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率。

Methods 14 mutanted vpr fragments selected from Chines patients with HIV. Both eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 and PCR products purified , double-cut by HindⅢ and BamH and the cut products legated and were into competent cells JM109. The 14 reconstructed plasmids electronically transfected into hela cells, and established cells with pcDNA vprwt 、pcDNA vpr-Fs and pcDNA3.1 blank cells, and without pcDNA3.1 cell.

将14个带有HIV-1 vpr基因片段的pcDNA3.1真核表达载体构建重组质粒，将其转染Hela细胞，并设立保守株vp r基因转染细胞、突变株 vpr-FS基因转染细胞、空载体转染细胞和未转染细胞作为对照，经RT-PCR检测目的基因转染成功后，经Pi染色用流式细胞仪检测被转染细胞的细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了