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The expression of cogging torque is deduced on dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the influence rules of the resulting cogging torque are analyzed with the change of relative angle between dual stators. The relation between cogging torque amplitude and the relative angle between dual stators is investigated. Finally, simulation verification is conducted based on finite element method.

针对双定子永磁同步电机，推导了内外定子及其合成齿槽转矩的解析表达式，分析了内外定子相对位置变化对合成齿槽转矩的影响规律，着重研究了合成齿槽转矩幅值与内外定子相对位置的关系，最后用有限元方法进行了仿真验证。

To date, three kinds of reverse genetics systems, in vitro transcription system, system induced by endogeny T7 RNA polymerase and system induced by RNA polymeraseⅡ, were used to research IBDV. But these systems have some shortcomings in the efficiency and convenience of virus rescue.

目前用于IBDV研究的体外转录、基于T7RNA聚合酶的体内转录、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ体内转录等反向遗传操作系统在病毒拯救效率和操作简便性等方面仍然存在着一些问题。

With the increase in tempo, the angle of hands away hail no significant change, but in 4 tempo for 3 athletes, their angle of entrance always greater than their angle of run, and their left angle of hands always were greater than right, it means that their left extent of hands away were longer than their right.

转桨角的变化幅度不大，但在四种桨频下，3名运动员的入水角都大于出水角。3名运动员的左转桨角比右转桨角大，意味着3名运动员左手桨叶的划幅比右桨大。

While the market is booming, the discussion of interest transfer and redistribute in the issue of convertible bonds is slight. In the second half of 2003, the Merchants Bank Convertible Bonds Event broke this equability and cause on the market discussion on the protection of the circulating shareholders' rights.

与市场上投资者追捧可转债的热潮相比，对我国可转债的相关者利益转移和再分配的讨论略显冷淡。2003年下半年沸沸扬扬的"招商银行可转债事件"却打破了这一平静，引发了市场上对流通股股东权益保护的讨论和反思。

The region between the circular brown band generated by cell lipid exosmosis and the band of the wound in the non-transgenic cotton Z35's leaves, is wider than that of the transgenic cotton T-34's leaves, and no micro-HR was found in Z35, the intensity of leaves wilting is much serious, by contrast, micro BR was found around the wound region within the transgenic cotton leaves inoculated with the pathogen, but the micro-HR was not found in the transgenic cotton treated with water and around wound region of non-transgenic cotton Z35 leaves which showed that there was micro-HR defence in transgenic hpa1xoo cotton.

棉花黄萎病菌侵染叶片后，非转基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞无微过敏性反应，受病原菌侵染的叶片萎蔫程度较重；转hpa1xoo基因棉花叶部伤口周围细胞有微过敏反应，叶部刺伤处仅有较小的坏死斑，且不相连，发病较轻，而清水处理的转基因棉花与非转基因棉花叶片中伤口周围均无微过敏反应，说明病原菌侵染诱导转hpa1xoo基因棉花产生微过敏防御反应，转hpa1xoo基因棉花较非转基因棉花有较强的抗病性。

During the control of flux, the idea of FOC is used to decrease the response time of flux. As a result a FOC control of AC driver is performed first.

在转矩控制中，主要利用磁通角的改变来控制转矩，以提高转矩响应的速度。

BACKGROUND: Studies show that forkhead transcription factor 1 (Fox01) plays an important role in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

背景：研究表明叉头转录因子1是一种新的2型糖尿病易感基因，但2型糖尿病患者与健康人的叉头转录因子1基因在转录水平上差异性的研究不多。

We show that in mammalian cells, the Sir2 homolog SIRT1 appears to control the cellular response to stress by regulating the FOXO family of Forkhead transcription factors, a family of proteins that function as sensors of the insulin signaling pathway and as regulators of organismal longevity.

在哺乳动物Sir2同源物SIRT1似乎通过调节FOXO Forkhead转录因子家族来控制细胞对应激的反应，该转录因子家族可以作为胰岛素信号转导的传感器和生物寿命的调节因子。

Based on the energy method and Fourier series expansion the general expression of cogging torque was obtained and the harmonic components of cogging torques were analyzed under both ideal and non-ideal conditions.

针对永磁电机中非理想因素对齿槽转矩的影响，基于能量法和傅里叶级数解析方法给出了齿槽转矩的一般表达形式，并分析了理想及非理想条件下齿槽转矩的谐波成分。

This doctoral dissertation is composed of several parts: At beginning, the frontal structure, the effects of diabatic heating and orography, the dynamics of frontal circulation and the mesoscale systems associated with front are reviewed. Several problems based on the review are brought forward. First, at present, the semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory is the most appropriate basic framework for the general explanation of the frontogenetic process. However, the comparison between semigeostrophic theory and the observation have revealed some inconsistencies. The newly observational facts increase the inconsistencies.

本博士论文主要由如下几部分组成，首先对锋面结构、地形和非绝热加热对锋的影响、锋生环流及锋面附近中尺度系统动力学问题的历史与现状进行了综述，在此基础上提出需要进行研究的若干问题：(1)、半地转锋生理论直到今天仍是解释锋生过程的最合适的理论框架，但是通过与观测事实比较，人们发现半地转理论不能对许多锋面观测特征给出令人满意的回答，新的观测事实使问题更加突出，这就向人们提出：是什么原因导致半地转理论与实际观测的不符？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。