轨道的

In chapter one, a review for the trade of urban rail traffic is performed with respects to the developing histories and trend, mode, light rails, vehicle type and so on; In chapter two, a set of contradistinctive analyses between the domestic and the overseas are carried out at aspects of equipment, density of line net, build cost and so on. In chapter three, the competitive status among existing enterprises for urban rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing in our country is analyzed by Potter model; In chapter four, questions that should be paid attention to and strategies in course of our country's urban rail traffic building are provided mainly in terms of plan, cost, construction investment and operation, selection of system type, safety of building process and so on.

本文第一章主要从轨道交通的发展历史、模式、轻轨、车辆类型、发展趋势等方面对城市轨道交通行业的发展作了一个回顾；第二章主要是从设备、线网密度、建设成本等六个方面对国内外城市轨道交通进行了一个对比分析；第三章主要是利用波特模型对我国现有的城市轨道交通车辆设备生产企业之间的竞争状况进行了分析；第四章主要从规划、成本、建设投资和运营、系统类型选择、建设过程安全等方面提出了我国在城市轨道交通建设过程中应该注意的问题和对策。

Firstly, from Gauss' equations and relative motion equations, the relation of control impulse and relative motion was expressed as analysis formulas and simplified based on the near circular condition. By deeply analyzing the mechanism of impulses in each directions (radial, in-track and cross-track directions) effect on relative motion respectively, two maneuvers to establish formation flying are provided: one is to utilize the impulses in radial and cross-track directions, the other is to utilize the impulses in along-track and cross-track directions. Both of the two methods can establish satellite formation flying of any configuration. The method with impulses irradial and cross-track directions needs only 3 impulses, while the method with impulses in along-back and cross-track directions needs 4 impulses. Lastly, by an example of establishing a space-circle formation flying, two maneuvers were compared with each other in the amount of impulses and fuel consuming estimation.

首先由高斯型拉格朗日轨道摄动运动方程得到轨道坐标系中控制冲量与轨道根数偏差的关系，基于近圆轨道的条件简化并带入相对运动方程，得到控制冲量与相对运动的关系表达式；通过深入分析各个方向（径向、沿迹向与轨道面法向）的控制冲量对相对运动的影响，给出了分别用径向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合和沿迹向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合实现编队捕获的两种控制策略；最后给出了一个空间圆编队捕获实例，并从燃料消耗、施加冲量次数及捕获时间等角度对比研究了两种控制策略的特点。

Firstly, This paper processes geometry filtration based on character of orbit's apogee and perigee after orbit model is analyzed and based. Secondly Space Debris is separated into two kinds, coplanar and not coplanar according as location interrelation of target and debris. In Dynamic filtration's processing, considering prediction time limit and orbit perturbation, secular effects which have increaser effect is considered so that some need catching danger time point is appeased, some law about time when target and debris pass intersectant line each other is inferred, when debris and object are in different plane and some similar law also is inferred otherwise. The time list is arithmetical progression. These laws can improve calculation efficiency remarkably; Lastly orbit predict is a course approaching least distance. Danger time point in the last step become beginning time point from which debris and object's position and velocity are calculated by SXP4 Model which is an analytic model.By result, determine that relative movement trend is closer or apart, farther calculate the interval apart from time when predictive least relative distance occurs. Least relative distance and time when least distance occurs is calculated finally. It is a fast approach course adopting varied interval.

本文在分析、建立轨道摄动计算模型的基础上，首先采用基于轨道远、近地点特征对大量编目在册的空间碎片进行初步几何静态筛选，然后根据碎片与目标轨道面的相对位置特点把碎片分为异面与准共面两种情况以进行动态筛选，在筛选过程中考虑到预报时限长度和轨道摄动影响，引入了轨道摄动中具有积累效应的长期项以满足危险时间点的捕捉要求，利用了长期项摄动变化线性的特点导出了碎片与目标异面情况下各自过交线的时间序列成准等差数列的规律性和准共面情况下类似的规律性，从而显著地提高了前期轨道筛选的计算效率；最后对剩余危险碎片和目标飞行器利用SXP4轨道预报模型在前期轨道筛选的基础上以各个危险探测时间点为预报的时间起点，并根据预报计算结果，分析目标和碎片在该时间点的运动趋势是相互远离还是相互接近，推出预计最小相对距离发生时刻相对此刻的时间长度，得到其随时间变化的局部最小相对距离以及危险距离发生的时刻和相对速度，这是一个采用变时间步长、快速逼近最小相对距离的过程。

The results show that the sturcture of each of Tin clusters is obtained by capping one Ti atom to the Tin-1. The Natural bond orbital analysis show that the 4s , 4p, 4d orbitals hybridizes with 3d orbital, and about one electron transfer from 4s orbital to 3d orbital. Moreover, the electrons also transfer between different atom. The results also indicate that the average bond length of clusters were determined by the 4d and 3d orbitals except Ti7. But for Ti7, the average bond length only depend on 3d orbital.

研究结果表明： Tin(n=2~7)团簇都依带帽的形式在前一个团簇的结构基础上加一个原子变化而来；通过自然轨道分析发现，团簇原子的轨道存在sp-d杂化，有大约一个电子从4s转移到了3d，原子之间亦存在电子转移，而且除Ti7外，团簇键长由最外层4d轨道电子和3d轨道共同决定，在Ti7中，团簇键长由3d轨道决定。

Wheel/rail noise of the high-speed slab track on concrete bridge and that of the urban elevated supporting block track are predicted respectively. Noise of the slab track, compared with that of the ballasted track, is more severe. The noise of the slab track is about 6.2dBA higher than that of the ballasted track for the receiver nearby the rail, and about 3.5dBA higher than that of ballast track for the receiver

对降低高速铁路桥上板式无碴轨道及城市轨道交通桥上支承块式无碴轨道轮轨噪声的技术措施进行了研究，包括：(1)分别就板式轨道和支承块式轨道结构参数的低噪声设计原则进行了研究；(2)对几种典型的新型轨道用吸声材料的降噪效果进行了分析，结果表明降噪效果显著；(3)就声屏障高度、位置、形状以及声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料对降噪效果的影响进行了分析，结果表明：声屏障越高、越接近轨道，降噪效果越好；声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料，可降低钢轨近旁噪声2.0～3.0dBA，可降低近地面噪声约1.5～2.0dBA

Starting from the four concepts of orbit energy, energy class, shielding effect and infixing effect, the author uses the two commonly applied methods of caculation orbit energy to analyse and compare 4s orbit energy and 3d orbit energy.

本文从轨道能、能级、屏蔽效应和钻穿效应这四个概念入手，运用计算轨道常见能量的两种方法进行分析和比较轨道能与 3d轨道

This paper investigates the basic principle of land and real property appreciation along the line produced by urban rail transit, analyzes the action process of urban rail transit development benefit, and demonstrates the basic characteristics of vested benefit of urban rail transit by using overseas related research results for reference. On the basis, the influence circle of urban rail transit development benefit is studied, the primary model is created according to the consistence principle of trip access, and the development benefit influence circle of each station on Line 1 is caculated for trial. At the same time the development benefit influence circle of the Xin-Zhuang Station on Line 1 is analyzed according to the research data, which verifies the model results. In addition, further research problems are put forward.

本文从城市轨道交通引起轨道交通线路沿线区域内的土地和不动产增值的基本原理入手，分析城市轨道交通利益发生、扩散和转移的作用过程，借鉴国外学者的相关研究成果，阐明了城市轨道交通利益最终归属的基本特征；在此基础上，重点对城市轨道交通开发利益的影响范围进行研究，根据出行可达性一致的原则建立了城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围的初步计算模型，针对上海轨道交通1号线各车站的开发利益影响范围进行了试算；同时，根据实际调查数据对上海轨道交通1号线莘庄站的开发利益影响范围进行了对比分析，验证了模型计算结果；此外还提出了有待进一步深化研究的问题。

In order to allow track maintenance personnel to determine impacts of track irregularities on traffic safety and to execute maintenance on dangerous sections, This study provides an analysis method with the application of ADAMS/Rail, modified train model suitable for track with a track gauge of 1067mm, and model track made to parameters actually taken from a section of measured irregularities of Taiwan Railway Administration.

为便於轨道养护工程人员研判轨道不整对行车安全的影响，对危险地段进行维修工程，本研究提供一套分析方法即利用套装软体ADAMS/Rail及修改适合1067公厘轨距轨道之列车模型，并以实测台铁某段轨道不整值为轨道模型，利用软体内建轮-轨互制行为进行列车动态分析，藉以了解轨道系统各部份的力学行为，尤其针对运输问题中最重要的安全性问题进行分析。

A method to calculating maneuver for special point maneuver strategy is developed based on the facts that are single objective of every maneuver and tiny correction for orbit inclination and right ascension of ascending node. The basic idea of the method is disassembling calculating for phasing and orbit plane correction, and the equation for calculating maneuver is derived.(2) A method for determining the optimal collision avoidance maneuver is developed, and the two phasing orbits strategy is developed to avoid collision with debris.

1研究了远距离导引的特殊点变轨策略，针对特殊点变轨策略每次机动目标单一和轨道面修正为小量的特点，提出了将轨道面内调相与轨道面修正分解计算的策略，推导了采用高精度轨道模型的调相和轨道面修正机动计算公式；(2)研究了远距离导引段飞行器规避空间碎片的机动问题，提出了一种双调相轨道机动策略，并给出了碰撞规避机动的计算公式。

Formation control law is advanced based on formation elements and relative orbital velocity increase △v.

系统研究了用于航天器相对轨道机动的航天器相对轨道运动双脉冲控制及其最优控制，提出了基于相对伴随轨道要素和相对轨道速度增量的相对伴随轨道控制律。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。