轨道

Firstly, from Gauss' equations and relative motion equations, the relation of control impulse and relative motion was expressed as analysis formulas and simplified based on the near circular condition. By deeply analyzing the mechanism of impulses in each directions (radial, in-track and cross-track directions) effect on relative motion respectively, two maneuvers to establish formation flying are provided: one is to utilize the impulses in radial and cross-track directions, the other is to utilize the impulses in along-track and cross-track directions. Both of the two methods can establish satellite formation flying of any configuration. The method with impulses irradial and cross-track directions needs only 3 impulses, while the method with impulses in along-back and cross-track directions needs 4 impulses. Lastly, by an example of establishing a space-circle formation flying, two maneuvers were compared with each other in the amount of impulses and fuel consuming estimation.

首先由高斯型拉格朗日轨道摄动运动方程得到轨道坐标系中控制冲量与轨道根数偏差的关系，基于近圆轨道的条件简化并带入相对运动方程，得到控制冲量与相对运动的关系表达式；通过深入分析各个方向（径向、沿迹向与轨道面法向）的控制冲量对相对运动的影响，给出了分别用径向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合和沿迹向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合实现编队捕获的两种控制策略；最后给出了一个空间圆编队捕获实例，并从燃料消耗、施加冲量次数及捕获时间等角度对比研究了两种控制策略的特点。

Firstly, This paper processes geometry filtration based on character of orbit's apogee and perigee after orbit model is analyzed and based. Secondly Space Debris is separated into two kinds, coplanar and not coplanar according as location interrelation of target and debris. In Dynamic filtration's processing, considering prediction time limit and orbit perturbation, secular effects which have increaser effect is considered so that some need catching danger time point is appeased, some law about time when target and debris pass intersectant line each other is inferred, when debris and object are in different plane and some similar law also is inferred otherwise. The time list is arithmetical progression. These laws can improve calculation efficiency remarkably; Lastly orbit predict is a course approaching least distance. Danger time point in the last step become beginning time point from which debris and object's position and velocity are calculated by SXP4 Model which is an analytic model.By result, determine that relative movement trend is closer or apart, farther calculate the interval apart from time when predictive least relative distance occurs. Least relative distance and time when least distance occurs is calculated finally. It is a fast approach course adopting varied interval.

本文在分析、建立轨道摄动计算模型的基础上，首先采用基于轨道远、近地点特征对大量编目在册的空间碎片进行初步几何静态筛选，然后根据碎片与目标轨道面的相对位置特点把碎片分为异面与准共面两种情况以进行动态筛选，在筛选过程中考虑到预报时限长度和轨道摄动影响，引入了轨道摄动中具有积累效应的长期项以满足危险时间点的捕捉要求，利用了长期项摄动变化线性的特点导出了碎片与目标异面情况下各自过交线的时间序列成准等差数列的规律性和准共面情况下类似的规律性，从而显著地提高了前期轨道筛选的计算效率；最后对剩余危险碎片和目标飞行器利用SXP4轨道预报模型在前期轨道筛选的基础上以各个危险探测时间点为预报的时间起点，并根据预报计算结果，分析目标和碎片在该时间点的运动趋势是相互远离还是相互接近，推出预计最小相对距离发生时刻相对此刻的时间长度，得到其随时间变化的局部最小相对距离以及危险距离发生的时刻和相对速度，这是一个采用变时间步长、快速逼近最小相对距离的过程。

In this dissertation, the design and optimization of lunar probe orbit has been studied by using the theory and method of spacecraft orbital dynamics, aiming at to launch polar moon satellite from the earth parking orbit, and considering synthetically the problems about the launcher energy, flying time, launch window and orbit navigation. The flying conditions, program and orbit of the lunar probe are given.

本论文利用航天器轨道动力学理论和方法，以从地球停泊轨道入轨点出发发射月球极月卫星的轨道为对象，综合考虑运载能力、飞行时间、发射窗口、轨道导航等问题，进行月球探测器轨道设计与优化，给出月球探测器的飞行条件、程序及其轨道。

In this paper, by discussing the basic hypotheses about the continuous orbit and discrete orbit in two research directions of the background medium theory for celestial body motion, the concrete equation forms and their summary of the theoretic frame of celestial body motion are introduced. Future more, by discussing the general form of Binet's equation of celestial body motion orbit and it's solution of the advance of the perihelion of planets, the relations and differences between the continuous orbit theory and Newton's gravitation theory and Einstein's general relativity are given. And by discussing the fractional-dimension expanded equation for the celestial body motion orbits, the concrete equations and the prophesy data of discrete orbit or stable orbits of celestial bodies which included the planets in the Solar system, satellites in the Uranian system, satellites in the Earth system and satellites obtaining the Moon obtaining from discrete orbit theory are given too.

摘 要：通过讨论天体运行背景介质理论的连续轨道及离散轨道这二个研究方向的基础假设，介绍了天体运行轨道的具体方程形式及理论框架概要；进一步地通过讨论天体运行轨道 Binet 方程的一般形式及其行星近日点进动角的解，给出了连续轨道理论与 Newton 理论及 Einstein 广义相对论的联系与区别；通过讨论天体运行轨道的分维扩展方程，给出了包括太阳系行星、天王星卫星、地球卫星、绕月航天器等在内的离散轨道方程及其预言数据。

Wheel/rail noise of the high-speed slab track on concrete bridge and that of the urban elevated supporting block track are predicted respectively. Noise of the slab track, compared with that of the ballasted track, is more severe. The noise of the slab track is about 6.2dBA higher than that of the ballasted track for the receiver nearby the rail, and about 3.5dBA higher than that of ballast track for the receiver

对降低高速铁路桥上板式无碴轨道及城市轨道交通桥上支承块式无碴轨道轮轨噪声的技术措施进行了研究，包括：(1)分别就板式轨道和支承块式轨道结构参数的低噪声设计原则进行了研究；(2)对几种典型的新型轨道用吸声材料的降噪效果进行了分析，结果表明降噪效果显著；(3)就声屏障高度、位置、形状以及声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料对降噪效果的影响进行了分析，结果表明：声屏障越高、越接近轨道，降噪效果越好；声屏障内侧敷设吸声材料，可降低钢轨近旁噪声2.0～3.0dBA，可降低近地面噪声约1.5～2.0dBA

This paper investigates the basic principle of land and real property appreciation along the line produced by urban rail transit, analyzes the action process of urban rail transit development benefit, and demonstrates the basic characteristics of vested benefit of urban rail transit by using overseas related research results for reference. On the basis, the influence circle of urban rail transit development benefit is studied, the primary model is created according to the consistence principle of trip access, and the development benefit influence circle of each station on Line 1 is caculated for trial. At the same time the development benefit influence circle of the Xin-Zhuang Station on Line 1 is analyzed according to the research data, which verifies the model results. In addition, further research problems are put forward.

本文从城市轨道交通引起轨道交通线路沿线区域内的土地和不动产增值的基本原理入手，分析城市轨道交通利益发生、扩散和转移的作用过程，借鉴国外学者的相关研究成果，阐明了城市轨道交通利益最终归属的基本特征；在此基础上，重点对城市轨道交通开发利益的影响范围进行研究，根据出行可达性一致的原则建立了城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围的初步计算模型，针对上海轨道交通1号线各车站的开发利益影响范围进行了试算；同时，根据实际调查数据对上海轨道交通1号线莘庄站的开发利益影响范围进行了对比分析，验证了模型计算结果；此外还提出了有待进一步深化研究的问题。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

Newest arrival of shipment legal copy Hong Kong NewRay brand alloy vehicle mold: P42DC American AMTRAK the railroad company P42DC skeleton line train model, the famous American AMTRAK nation railroad company has in the world quantity most railway engines and the compartment, each time AMTRAK railway engine all is the American economy development transportation person who has rendered meritorious service, the rough iron-covered front of a train and Europe's electric train fine forms clearly the opposite contrast, is object which the world train amateur pursues vigorously holds. 1 to 87 proportions, the zinc base alloy +ABS engineering plastics material quality, the ultra fine paint surface works, independent power front of a train +2 compartments, may assemble at will, the unique fluctuation type from the charge system, uses 4 ordinary 5th battery then, charges a minute then to let the train run quickly 3 minutes on the track, the ultra long ultra multi- varieties from assemble the track, but freely assembles the track shape which any you likes, track most large diameter may achieve 127.5 centimeters, in have 8 straight axles, 10 curves axles, And has the cross overlapping track, may transform the direction respectively toward to change a track 2 and the charge platform station and so on the special track east, absolutely is you is unable to put down ultra is very fond of east, is presents the present certainly good to choose!

最新到货的正版香港NewRay品牌合金车模： P42DC 美国AMTRAK铁路公司P42DC型干线列车模型，著名的美国AMTRAK全国铁路公司拥有世界上数量最多的火车头和车厢，每个时代的AMTRAK的火车头都是美国经济发展的运输功臣，粗犷的铁皮车头与欧洲的电气列车的精致形成截然相反的对比，是全世界火车爱好者极力追捧的对象。1比87比例，锌合金+ABS工程塑料材质，超精致的漆面做工，一个独立动力车头+2节车厢，可随意拼装，独特的升降式自充电系统，使用4节普通的5号电池即可，充电一分钟即可让火车在轨道上奔驰3分钟，超长超多品种的自组装轨道，可自由组装任何你喜欢的轨道形状，轨道的最大直径可达到127.5厘米，内有8根直轨，10根弯道轨，并配有十字交叉轨道、可变换方向的分向变道轨道2根和充电月台基站等特殊轨道，绝对是你爱不释手的超酷好东东，更是馈送礼品的绝佳选择！

Newest arrival of shipment legal copy Hong Kong NewRay brand alloy vehicle mold: F7 American AMTRAK the railroad company F7 skeleton line train model, the famous American AMTRAK nation railroad company has in the world quantity most railway engines and the compartment, each time AMTRAK railway engine all is the American economy development transportation person who has rendered meritorious service, the rough iron-covered front of a train and Europe's electric train fine forms clearly the opposite contrast, is object which the world train amateur pursues vigorously holds. 1 to 87 proportions, the zinc base alloy +ABS engineering plastics material quality, the ultra fine paint surface works, independent power front of a train + three compartments, may assemble at will, the unique fluctuation type from the charge system, uses 4 ordinary 5th battery then, charges a minute then to let the train run quickly 3 minutes on the track, the ultra long ultra multi- varieties from assemble the track, but freely assembles the track shape which any you likes, track most large diameter may achieve 127.5 centimeters, in have 8 straight axles, 10 curves axles, And has the cross overlapping track, may transform the direction respectively toward to change a track 2 and the charge platform station and so on the special track east, absolutely is you is unable to put down ultra is very fond of east, is presents the present certainly good to choose!

最新到货的正版香港NewRay品牌合金车模： F7 美国AMTRAK铁路公司F7型干线列车模型，著名的美国AMTRAK全国铁路公司拥有世界上数量最多的火车头和车厢，每个时代的AMTRAK的火车头都是美国经济发展的运输功臣，粗犷的铁皮车头与欧洲的电气列车的精致形成截然相反的对比，是全世界火车爱好者极力追捧的对象。1比87比例，锌合金+ABS工程塑料材质，超精致的漆面做工，一个独立动力车头+三节车厢，可随意拼装，独特的升降式自充电系统，使用4节普通的5号电池即可，充电一分钟即可让火车在轨道上奔驰3分钟，超长超多品种的自组装轨道，可自由组装任何你喜欢的轨道形状，轨道的最大直径可达到127.5厘米，内有8根直轨，10根弯道轨，并配有十字交叉轨道、可变换方向的分向变道轨道2根和充电月台基站等特殊轨道，绝对是你爱不释手的超酷好东东，更是馈送礼品的绝佳选择！

Newest arrival of shipment legal copy Hong Kong NewRay brand alloy vehicle mold: F59PHI American AMTRAK the railroad company F59PHI skeleton line train model, the famous American AMTRAK nation railroad company has in the world quantity most railway engines and the compartment, each time AMTRAK railway engine all is the American economy development transportation person who has rendered meritorious service, the rough iron-covered front of a train and Europe's electric train fine forms clearly the opposite contrast, is object which the world train amateur pursues vigorously holds. 1 to 87 proportions, the zinc base alloy +ABS engineering plastics material quality, the ultra fine paint surface works, independent power front of a train +2 compartments, may assemble at will, the unique fluctuation type from the charge system, uses 4 ordinary 5th battery then, charges a minute then to let the train run quickly 3 minutes on the track, the ultra long ultra multi- varieties from assemble the track, but freely assembles the track shape which any you likes, track most large diameter may achieve 127.5 centimeters, in have 8 straight axles, 10 curves axles, And has the cross overlapping track, may transform the direction respectively toward to change a track 2 and the charge platform station and so on the special track east, absolutely is you is unable to put down ultra is very fond of east, is presents the present certainly good to choose !

最新到货的正版香港NewRay品牌合金车模： F59PHI 美国AMTRAK铁路公司F59PHI型干线列车模型，著名的美国AMTRAK全国铁路公司拥有世界上数量最多的火车头和车厢，每个时代的AMTRAK的火车头都是美国经济发展的运输功臣，粗犷的铁皮车头与欧洲的电气列车的精致形成截然相反的对比，是全世界火车爱好者极力追捧的对象。1比87比例，锌合金+ABS工程塑料材质，超精致的漆面做工，一个独立动力车头+2节车厢，可随意拼装，独特的升降式自充电系统，使用4节普通的5号电池即可，充电一分钟即可让火车在轨道上奔驰3分钟，超长超多品种的自组装轨道，可自由组装任何你喜欢的轨道形状，轨道的最大直径可达到127.5厘米，内有8根直轨，10根弯道轨，并配有十字交叉轨道、可变换方向的分向变道轨道2根和充电月台基站等特殊轨道，绝对是你爱不释手的超酷好东东，更是馈送礼品的绝佳选择！

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。