车辆荷载

It means that pavement with camber is simply supposed to be horizontal.

由于横坡的存在，车辆荷载分解为垂直于路面的法向力和平行于路面的切向力。

The main works are as follows: 1 The developingt history of the traffic load on bridges is represented. Typical bridge codes in some countries are discussed and these traffic load models are comparative analyzed. Analysis shows that the influence of layout axle for the total traffic load effect on bridge gradually becomes smaller with the increase of bridge span. So most national norms use the distributed load as the equipollent load of traffic load.

主要内容包括下面几个方面： 1阐述了桥梁汽车荷载发展的简史，讨论了部分国家典型的桥梁汽车荷载设计规范，并对这些荷载模型进行了对比分析，分析表明随着桥跨的增大，车轴布置对桥梁整体荷载效应的影响逐渐变小，因而大部分国家的规范都把均布荷载作为车辆的等代荷载。

To get an exact solution of the forced vibration of the beam bridge under the load of moving vehicles is difficult in the engineering design.

桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下的振动分析是工程设计中有待进一步解决的问题之一。

In light of the first expressway reinforced gabion retaining wall in China, which reinforced earth engineering of Xiangtan to Hengyang express highway section of K124 +300～K124 +895 in Hunan province, the external stability analysis of reinforced gabion retaining wall was analyzed by using the reliability analysis method and the reliability index and failure probability were given with this method. The results show that this method is simple, scientific and reasonable.

介绍了Rosenblueth矩估计方法的基本原理及其在加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性分析中的应用，提出了加筋格宾挡墙外部稳定性可靠度分析方法，基于Rosenblueth方法开发了相应计算程序，研究了填料粘聚力c、内摩擦角φ、地震力、填土重度、车辆荷载以及加筋间距等重要参数对可靠度指标的影响，结合我国第一座高速公路加筋格宾挡土墙（湖南省湘潭至衡阳西线高速公路第十二合同段K124+300～K124+89段加筋土工程）运用可靠度理论分析其外部稳定性，得到了该挡墙外部稳定可靠性指标和破坏概率。

To analyze the response of pavement structure under moving loading, a quarter vehicle model with single freedom degree and unevenness model are established. The dynamic loads are calculated through combining different pavement conditions and speed. When the incentive frequency which is passed to vehicles by the road is close to its own vibration frequency, vehicles will produce the greatest dynamic load.

为了分析路面结构在行车动荷载作用下的力学响应，建立了单自由度1/4车辆模型和以正弦曲线模拟路面不平整度的模型，通过将不同路面状况和行车速度的组合，分析车辆在各情形下所产生的动荷载，发现路面传给车辆的激励振动频率接近车辆自身振动频率时，车辆对路面产生的动荷载值最大。

Firstly, owing to the existing restriction with insufficient function while imitating the construction using top-down method of business software in common use, this text compiles three-dimensional finite element procedure of plasticity using the model of revisal Cambridge procedure, which better reflect the nature of soil and the force bore ;Secondly, utilizing the procedure compiled , the emulation analysis is used in the large-scale case, which study the responding law of the soil pressure around the case containing, the roof, sheet pile, wall and the floor with the progress of the construction in the course of the construction using top-down method and the distribution law of the stress in the real vehicle.

本文首先针对现有通用商业软件在模拟逆作法施工时功能不足的限制，研编了可以考虑修正剑桥模型的三维弹塑性有限元程序，该程序能较好的反映工程场地的土性和受力，模拟逆作过程；其次，利用研编的程序，对大型箱涵进行了仿真分析，研究了箱涵在逆作过程中周边土压力，顶板，板桩，桩间墙和底板随施工步序进展的系统响应规律，以及箱涵建成后，在实际车辆荷载下箱涵结构的应力分布规律。

Subgrade structure, as the main structure of railway construction, should have enough carrying capacity and deformation resistance capacity, can stand repetitive strength of the vehicle load without structural destruction and excessive sedimentation and deformation, meanwhile, it should have preferable penetration resistance capacity and water stability, to reduce water immersion and intenerate effect, therefore maintaining long time stability of the subgrade.

作为铁道建筑主体构筑物的路基结构，应具有足够的承载能力和抗变形能力，能经受车辆荷载的反复作用而不产生结构性破坏和过量的沉降变形，同时还应具有较好的抗渗透性和水稳定性，降低水的浸入及软化作用，保证路基长期处于稳定状态。

According to the characteristics of low embankment, this paper analyzes the mechanism and rule of traffic load acting on the subgrade, and then abbreviates describing methods of the vehicle load in math.

根据低路堤的工程特点，从车辆对路基影响方面，分析交通荷载的作用机理及变化规律，进行交通荷载的简化描述。

The paper deals with the dynamic response of simply supported beam bridge under two-axle vehicular loads by numerical method.

本文应用数值分析的方法研究在移动的两轴车辆荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力响应。

Based on the pavement structure three-dimensional model through finite-element calculation software, the representative full-depth asphalt pavement and asphalt pavement with semi-rigid base are analyzed in the aspect of mechanical response under the action of vehicle load.

通过选用具有代表性的全厚式沥青路面和半刚性基层沥青路面，利用ANSYS有限元计算软件，建立路面结构三维模型对路面在车辆荷载作用下的力学响应进行分析，可知全厚式沥青路面在抗疲劳损坏和永久变形方面都较半刚性基层沥青路面略胜一筹，且寿命更长，因而具有广阔的应用前景。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。