车辆的

The main works are as follows: 1 The developingt history of the traffic load on bridges is represented. Typical bridge codes in some countries are discussed and these traffic load models are comparative analyzed. Analysis shows that the influence of layout axle for the total traffic load effect on bridge gradually becomes smaller with the increase of bridge span. So most national norms use the distributed load as the equipollent load of traffic load.

主要内容包括下面几个方面： 1阐述了桥梁汽车荷载发展的简史，讨论了部分国家典型的桥梁汽车荷载设计规范，并对这些荷载模型进行了对比分析，分析表明随着桥跨的增大，车轴布置对桥梁整体荷载效应的影响逐渐变小，因而大部分国家的规范都把均布荷载作为车辆的等代荷载。

As I sit at my window this summer afternoon, hawks are circling about my clearing; the tantivy of wild pigeons, flying by two and threes athwart my view, or perching restless on the white pine boughs behind my house, gives a voice to the air; a fish hawk dimples the glassy surface of the pond and brings up a fish; a mink steals out of the marsh before my door and seizes a frog by the shore; the sedge is bending under the weight of the reed-birds flitting hither and thither; and for the last half-hour I have heard the rattle of railroad cars, now dying away and then reviving like the beat of a partridge, conveying travellers from Boston to the country.

在这一个夏天的下午，当我坐在窗口，鹰在我的林中空地盘旋，野鸽子在疾飞，三三两两地飞入我的眼帘，或者不安地栖息在我屋后的白皮松枝头，向着天空发出一个呼声；一只鱼鹰在水面上啄出一个酒涡，便叼走了一尾鱼；一只水貂偷偷地爬出了我门前的沼泽，在岸边捉到了一只青蛙；芦苇鸟在这里那里掠过，隰地莎草在它们的重压下弯倒；一连半小时，我听到铁路车辆的轧轧之声，一忽儿轻下去了，一忽儿又响起来了，像鹧鸪在扑翅膀，把旅客从波士顿装运到这乡间来。

To make the steering system high performance is that the system can carry out multi-goals control according to the vehicle states and driver requirements to acquire the steering handiness, better road feeling, better anti-interfering performance and faster response.

转向系统的高性能化是指其能够根据车辆的运行状况和驾驶员的要求实行多目标控制，以获得良好的转向轻便性、较好的路感、较高的抗干扰能力和较快的响应性。

Inertial force of crankshaft-connecting rod in a V-cylinder engine have influence on vibration and comfort in vehicle.

V型双缸发动机中曲柄连杆机构的惯性力的大小与方向对车辆的振动和舒适性方面有相当大的影响，在摩托车发动机中一般采用过量平衡调整一次惯性力的方法，但长期以来缺乏有效的实验研究手段。

Relationships between the instantaneous emission / fuel consumption rate and the instantaneous speed/acceleration are first analyzed. Then, the emissions for a variety of vehicle types in the network are analyzed. Finally, the developed platform is used to evaluate the impact of alternative traffic control and management strategies for two scenarios.

本文首先建立了车辆的瞬间尾气排放率、燃料消耗率与瞬时速度、加速度之间的关系；然后，对研究路网的各种车型的尾气排放量进行分析和计算；最后，通过两个假设方案，对不同的交通管理与控制策略对于尾气排放的影响进行分析。

The invention is capable of increasing the air pressure in the air inlet manifold and improving the aeration coefficient in the cylinder while in instantaneous acceleration, thereby changing the combustion conditions of the internal combustion engine at a medium and low speed, resolving the problem of the poor accelerating performance of the turbocharger at the medium and low speed, improving the output torque at the medium and low speed, optimizing the accelerating performance and greatly shortening the acceleration response time of the automobile; moreover, because the fuel is fully burned, the utilization factor of the fuel is also improved and the discharge capacity of the internal combustion engine is reduced.

本发明能够增加进气歧管内的空气压力，提高加速瞬时缸内的充气系数，从而改变内燃机中低速的燃烧状况，并改变涡轮增压机中低速加速性能差的问题，提高中低速的输出扭矩，优化加速性能，使车辆的加速响应时间大大减短；同时，由于燃料获得了充分燃烧，也提高了燃料的利用率，降低了内燃机的排放量。

By virtue of the instantaneous velocity of vehicles and precise time information supplied by GPS, a mathematic model can be established.

在利用GPS对车辆的定位与导航的基础上，进一步利用GPS提供的即时速度和准确的时间信息，通过数学建模，得到交通流量，平均车速，行程时间，车道占有率等一系列重要交通状况信息，以实现交通状况的实时检测，为城市交通管理系统智能化的实现提供必要保证。

The OTSU algorithm （maximization of interclass variance） is considered as one of the superior threshold selection methods.But this method can not segment the path mark image successfully for our indigenous design and manufactured vision navigation intelligent vehicle under bright illumination.A new method based on regional Roberts gradient is proposed in order to solve this problem.

OTSU法被认为是图像分割中阈值自动选取的最优方法之一，针对自主开发的视觉导航区域交通智能车辆的导航路径在强光照条件下不能直接应用此方法取得准确分割效果的问题，提出了一种基于区域的罗伯特梯度算子的图像分割方法。

The requirements of efficiency and global-optimization can be met at the same time. Based on the situation of time varying of parameters of system, before entering the inference machine, the fuzzy control rules is learned and tested online by a special designed "judger", the excellent performances of fuzzy control rules which use online control is ensured. Fuzzy cerebellum model articulation control CMAC is used to control the semi-active suspension system for the first time. The convergence of this control algorithm and the convergent range is presented.

并根据实际系统参数时变的特点，用"判别器"对即将进入推理机的模糊规则进行了在线学习和测试，保证了用于实时控制的模糊规则的优良；首次应用模糊小脑模型神经网络控制器对系统实施了控制，并证明了这种控制算法的收敛性，得出了收敛范围；仿真和试验结果表明，GASAF和 FCMAC这两种智能控制算法对车辆的平顺性都有较大的改善，实时性较强。

On the base of the data measured on automotive mechanics parameters tester, through setting up a relationship between lateral angle of tire, body roll angle, aligning torque and lateral acceleration and using method of least square, for curve fitting on non-linear data, a relationship has been found between these data and stable steering characteristics.

本文以汽车力学参数试验台测出的数据为基础，通过建立轮胎侧偏角、车厢侧倾角、回正力矩与侧向加速度之间的关系，运用最小二乘法对测试数据进行非线性曲线拟合，找出了这些数据与汽车稳态转向特性之间的关系，并按国家标准GB/T13047-91中的有关规定对被测试车辆的稳态转向特性进行了评价

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷