车轮

Driving force of wheel on soft lunar soil is much different with wheel on the ground of the earth.Wheel sinks and slides easily on lunar soil.The driving force formula of wheel based on Bekker formula is much complex,for forecasting driving force,curve fitting based on least squares method was introduced to simplify formula driving force.The driving force can be calculated through measuring wheel sinkage and slide.

基于Bekker轮-地力学理论的车轮驱动力计算公式复杂，不适合直接计算，为实现车轮驱动力预测，为车轮驱动力优化提供计算基础，本文采用基于最小二乘法的数据拟合方法对车轮驱动力进行数值拟合计算，为实时的车轮驱动力预测提供可行的方法，从而实现对车轮驱动力的优化。

Comparing with the old process, the new process makes the content of oxygen half remain, the lowest is 10.9ppm and the average content is 15ppm; the total content of oxide inclusion decreases 45%, the lowest is 16ppm and the average content is 17. 5ppm. The notch toughness value of wheel in the new technology is much increased than that in injecting CaSi powder, in wire-feed and in the conventional process, the notch toughness value at low temperature, such as at -40℃ and -60℃ increased over 40%.

工业性试验结果表明，采用本研究的工艺条件，不仅使车轮钢全面满足GB8601-88和GB8602-88标准中A级车轮的质量要求，而且也满足了铁道部对200km/h高速车轮提出的冶金质量要求，与原工艺相比，使钢中氧含量减少一半，最低为lO.9ppm，平均为15ppm：氧化物夹杂总量下降了45％，最低为16ppm，平均为17.5ppm，车轮的冲击韧性值得到了明显提高，其中-40℃和-60℃的低温冲击韧性值较喷粉、喂线及原工艺高40％以上。

The wheel's felloe rigidity, natural frequency and the spoke bending stress was taken into consideration in this thesis to carry outthe optimization design of a 17 inch wheel, more reasonable structural parameter of the wheel was obtained.

建立了综合考虑车轮轮辋刚度、车轮模态和车轮弯曲疲劳寿命的影响的一个17英寸车轮结构优化设计模型，并在此基础上对该车轮进行了优化设计，得出了更加合理的车轮结构参数。

So cooperative controlling of driving force of wheel is a key of trafficability on tough lunar terrain.Based on SQP algorithm,driving force of wheel was optimized. Optimization is based on restriction of moving safely and smoothly.The aim of optimization is to minimize power consume of motors and varying range of driving force.

本文基于序列二次规划算法优化摇杆-转向架式月球车车轮系统驱动力输出，建立保证月球车在月壤平稳安全通过的力学约束方程，以车轮驱动功率和驱动力变化最小为目标函数优化车轮驱动力输出，使月球车平稳前进的同时车轮驱动电机功率消耗最小，这对能源有限的月球车来说是很有意义的。

A typical wheel optimization design was exploringly studied, and the results show that through the wheel structural optimization design, the weight of the wheel may be reduced further. The benefits are material saving and improving of the vehicles'driving quality. It has vital significance to reduce the cost of the wheel.

对某一类型车轮的优化设计进行了探索性的研究，研究结果表明，通过对车轮结构的优化设计，可以进一步降低车轮的重量，在保证车轮性能的前提下充分地节省材料并改善车辆行驶性能，对降低车轮制造的成本具有重要的意义。

A new mathematical model is put forward numerically to simulate the wheel ovalization.. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic model of a half railway vehicle coupled with a tangent track is employed. Using the new numerical method investigates vehicle-track coupling system dynamic responses including lateral and vertical displacement of wheelsets and the vehicle, lateral and vertical vibration acceleration of the track at different phase angle of the two side wheels of the same wheelset, which are compared with that of the traditional model. The numerical results show that the discipline and frequency of dynamic responses are accordant, amplitude and phase of lateral dynamic responses are different. It is concluded the traditional track geometric irregularity excitation model does not simulate the effect of periodic wheels ovalization on vehicle-track coupling system dynamic behavior truly, the new model is more accurate and reasonable.

本文研究了车轮二阶周期性非圆化—椭圆化，建立了一个新的模拟车轮椭圆化的数学模型，结合车辆－轨道空间耦合动力学模型，计算了同一轮对左右车轮不同相位和车轮椭圆度下轮对和车体的横、垂向位移，钢轨横、垂向振动加速度，并与传统模型计算结果作了对比，分析表明两种模型的动力响应变化规律和频率一致，但横向动力响应幅值和相位均存在不同程度不可忽略的差异，因此传统的轨道几何不平顺激励模型不能真实模拟车轮的周期性椭圆化对车辆－轨道耦合动态行为的影响，而本文模型更能反映实际椭圆车轮与钢轨接触情形，计算方法准确而合理。

When the parameter matching of the wheel location is improper, namely, the matching between the wheel toe-in and the wheel camber angle is ill-suited, abrasion of the two wheels of the same steering axle is inside or outside simultaneously, because of wheels sideslip. However, when double-front-axle steering system failure take place, abrasion of the two wheels of the same steering axle is in the same side, and that, tyre abrasion direction of front and back steering axles is rightabout. That is to say, if tyre abrasion of front steering axle lie in the left side, tyre abrasion of back steering axle lie in the right side to a certainty, which is the rule of tyre abrasion of double-front-axle steering automobile.

当定位参数匹配不当时，同一转向轴上左右车轮的磨损部位都在内侧或外侧，原因是左右车轮在滚动的同时还要产生相向或反向侧滑；而双前轴转向汽车前、后转向轴引导汽车转向方向不一致时，同一转向轴左、右车轮的磨损部位都在同一侧，而且前、后转向轴上的车轮偏磨损方向正好相反，即如果前转向轴左、右车轮磨损部位在左侧或右侧，那么后转向轴左、右车轮磨损部位就在右侧或左侧，这是双前轴转向汽车特有的轮胎磨损规律。

These are high quality,triple chrome wheels. 5 sets include a mix of black and chrome wheels. 5 sets can be arranged in a mix that tailors to your clientele. 18 wheels as low as $79.00 per wheel!!

该品牌车轮质量上乘，是三铬合金车轮。5件套包括黑铬合金车轮。5件套也可以根据顾客的需要个性化配置。18英寸的车轮价格低达每个$79.00！！

A laser sensor is moved along the profile by a linear unit to record the profile. The computer picks up the profile by simultaneous recording of the travel distance and the laser distance values and then the characteristic variables such as wheel flange thickness, wheel flange height, wheel flange width, qr dimension and wheel gauge are measured.

一个激光传感器沿着车轮外形作线性运动并记录表面数据，计算机通过记录扫描运行距离和激光距离数值得出车轮表面外形数据，以及特征变化参数，例如车轮轮缘厚度、高度、宽度，方位及车轮规格尺寸。

The Automatic Control Valves ABS is ABS for short, which is based on the conventional brake system security technologies to enhance improved by controlling the brake hydraulic flaps to achieve control of the wheel locking, the braking process , only when the wheels tend to be controlled when locking, ABS will tend to locking of the wheels anti-lock brake pressure regulation; in the control wheel was not tended to locking, the braking Butterfly Valves process and the conventional system exactly the same dynamic system, the braking process, its work process is actually locking - release - Locking - release cycle of the working process, the vehicle is always in the critical state of locking of the roll gap.

而ABS是制动防抱死系统的简称，它是在常规制动装置基础上的加强改进的安全技术，通过控制刹车油压的收放，来达到对车轮抱死的控制，在制动过程中，只有当被控制车轮趋于抱死时，ABS才会对趋于抱死车轮的制动压力进行防抱死调节；在被控制车轮还没有趋于抱死时，制动过程与常规制动系统的制动过程完全相同，其工作过程实际上是抱死—松开—抱死—松开的循环工作过程，使车辆始终处于临界抱死的间隙滚动状态。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失