踝关节

Ankle injuries are one of the most common injuries in orthopaedics clinic. They result in repeated injuries by ankle instability and anchylosis etc.

踝关节扭伤是骨科临床常见病，易造成踝关节不稳而出现反复扭伤和关节活动度障碍等后遗症。

Based on the analysis of the structure and motion mode of anklebone, a 3-RSS/S parallel robot was proposed for anklebone rehabilitation exercises in this paper.

在分析踝关节结构及运动方式的基础上，提出了一种3-RSS/S并联机器人方案用于踝关节康复治疗，并对其进行了位置逆解分析，得出了雅可比矩阵，为该机构的进一步分析、研发奠定了理论基础。

It's very significant to analysis the cause of anklebone wound, basically to bring forward the feasible prevention and cure measure that is good for people to exercise their anklebone and enhance the flexility of the joint, as well as reduce wounds while doing sports possibly.

分析踝关节损伤的原因，并在此基础上提出可行的预防和治疗措施，对人们平时锻炼踝关节，提高关节的柔韧性，尽可能地减少运动损伤有重要意义。

The technology of quasi coronary scan can display the exact location,type,degree of graveness and dislocation of the fracture anklebone,and improve the rate of diagonosis of the anklebone.

踝关节准冠状位CT扫描技术能从近似冠状位角度显示踝关节骨折的具体部位、类型、严重程度及移位情况，能提高踝关节骨折的检出率。

Of these all but one, which had normal ligament, proved to correspond to the operative finding As there was only one false positive finding among our surgical cases with both the "definite" and "suspectable" positive arthrograms, we concluded that ankle arthrogaraphy is relatively reliable and may be worth doing even in chronic cases if only for reference.

由於在我们手术的患者当中若把上述「明确」的和「疑似」的踝关节摄影发现一并考量，则只有一例在手术中发现是错误的，故我们认为踝关节摄影即使在慢性踝关节不隐的患者仍有相当的可信度，并且值得做为参考。

Two component design total ankle replacement is based on restricted type design to prevent dislocation ,and make syndesmosis union to enlarge tibia component contact area and stability. Three component design total ankle replacement is based on unrestricted type design. Components are mimic to anatomic shape ,and congruent polyethylene insert was also characterized. Successful total ankle replacement depends on reasonable prosthesis design and rational contact stress .

二件式人工踝关节，其设计理念，在於以高限制型设计，避免脱位之产生，并以胫骨腓骨骨联合扩大胫骨元件的接触面积与稳定度；三件式人工踝关节，主张以非限制型设计，近於解剖形状之元件，以及与关节面一致构形的聚乙烯内衬为其特点成功的全踝人工关节置换术仰赖合理的踝关节设计以及合理的接触压力。

Besides, contact stress in tibia component-polyethylene insert interface of three component design arise 31% to 34% only in dorsiflexion 40 degree and plantar flexion 40 degree due to flat smooth surface design.

二件式人工踝关节的接触压力平均为7.8 MPa，三件式人工踝关节胫骨元件-关节内衬接触面的接触压力平均为4.4 MPa最小；三件式人工踝关节关节内衬-距骨元件接触面的接触压力平均为5.7 MPa居中。

TyPe II collagen induced arthritisln the rat ank1e joint andoVathumin as antigen induced arthritis WA in the rabbit knee joint wereestab1ish2 Qualitative evaluation of me in skin, muscle, synovium, cedilagearound joint and blood was performed by OMA3 The CIA rats were treated on day 7 after hind paw swelling and erythemaAnimals were injected intravenously with ase at a dose of 10mg/kg,tWenty minuots 1ater, one ankle of the rats random1y assigned was exPosedlaser irradiation at l00J/cm fOr l000 seconds, and another ankle wasM grouP wihout laser The other two groups is unmanipulatedcontrol group and untreated CIA group Bimaleolar ankle widthmeasuremellts were taken in all animals every tWo days using amicrometer The histopathology of the ank1e Joint was assessed at day 21after disease onset4 The pro1iferating cell nuclear antigen WCNA of CIA treated by PDT andthe HMME group without laser was doterdrined by immunohistochemiStry5 The AfA rabbits were treated on day 7 after knee swelling and erythemaThe theraPy invo1ved lntravenous injection of l0mg/kg HMME, fOl1owedby 20 minues period in dim light, and transdermal light treatment with\l00 J/cm2 fOr l000 seconds The inner sides of the treated Anees wereirradiated at first, and then the outer side did 24 hours later, the synovialtissue of the Anees joint were removed and in situ cel1 aPoptosis wasdetCCted With tednal deoxync1eotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelingR6suIt8:l The pathologic changes of CIA and AIA include subsynovial inflammation,opovial hyPerplasia, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destructionresemble RA.2 The studies demonstrated that there are different uptake of HMME withinskin, muscle, synovium, cartilage and b1ood, and the synovium cou1draPidly uPtake more ase than skin and cartilage at the firSt 30 minuesaller intravenous injection of HMME3 The bimaleolar anke width had no different among PDT treated group,H group withollt 1aser and untreated CIA group But hlstologicalevaluation showed statiStical1y significallt reductions in synovialhyperplasia, pannus formation and cart1lage reosion, bone destruction andtotal score in PDT treated group4 Image analysis showed that the ratlo bforeen the areas of the coufltedobect to that of the entire area in PDTtreated grOup is lower than that in conirol group, but the integrated oPticaldensity had no different between the two groups5 Imape analysis showed that the ratio between the area of the countedobject to that of the e

治疗组在大鼠出现踝关节红肿后1周，炎症达到高峰时进行PDT治疗。随机治疗大鼠一侧的踝关节，另。2。一一侧作单纯HMME 对照。治疗方法是大鼠麻醉后尾静脉注入 HMME10ngkg，20分钟后踝关节照光，激光波长627.sum，功率密度 100mwcm'，照射时间1000秒，能量密度100）／。治疗后避光喂养72 小时。隔日一次测量大鼠的踝关节左右横径，治疗后两周取关节进行病理d 观察。 4。大鼠CIA模型用上述方法进行PDT治疗后，治疗组和单纯HMME 组用兔疫组化SP法检测石蜡切片的核增殖抗原。 5。兔AIA模型在关节炎出现第七天进行PDT治疗，随机治疗一侧膝关节，另一侧作自身对照。兔耳静脉注入I'arrainrelomg／Kg，20分钟后，膝关节用金蒸气激光照射，激光能量密度100）儿旷。24 ／J'时后取膝关节滑膜作病理检查，并用脱氧核昔酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测凋亡细胞。结果： 1。模型观察：CIA大鼠炎症高峰期滑膜下炎细胞浸润明显，滑膜细胞明显增殖，炎症达到高峰后二周，血管缀形成，并侵蚀和破坏软骨和骨， CIA模型病理改变与人类RA相似。兔AIA模型膝关节滑膜病理可见滑膜细胞增生，滑膜下炎细胞浸润，也与人类RA滑膜改变相似。 2。关节周围组织中光敏剂含量的测定结果表明，各组织对HMME 的吸收速度和吸收量不同，荧光值一时间曲线不同，滑膜组织比皮肤和软骨对 HMME的吸收多，在 2 0分钟时即有明显差异。 3.PDT对CIA模型的治疗结果表明：PDT治疗后关节炎组、单纯 HMME组和治疗组踝关节左右横径统计学检验差异没有显著性，但病理评分PDT治疗组滑膜增生、血管资形成及软骨破坏、骨破坏和总分比关节炎对照组和HMME对照组好，统计学检验差异有显著性。。3＿军医进修学院硕士学位论文中文摘要 4.PDT治疗组PCNA阳性细胞较对照组少，图像分析结果表明面密度（阳性染色的面积总和与统计视野面积的比值）治疗组小于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。。 5.PDT治疗组凋亡阳性细胞较对照组明显增多，图像分析结果单位视野内阳性细胞数和面密度PDT治疗组高于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。凋亡细胞核直径PDT治疗组较小，与对照组相比，统计学检验差异有显著性。结论：二。CIA、AIA的病理改变类似人类RA，可作为研究RA病因、发病机制、检查及治疗方法的模型。 2。各组织对HMME的吸收速度和吸收量不同，滑膜组织比皮。

Objective:Investigating the early prevention and rehabilitation methods for the contracted scar of foot drop after burn to improve the effectiveness of treatment.

目的：探索烧伤后瘢痕挛缩性足下垂的早期预防和修复方法，改善治疗效果。方法：对我科2006年7月—2009年2月收治的10例跟腱部深度烧伤后可能导致足下垂畸形的患者进行预防性治疗及早期踝关节的功能位固定和功能锻炼；对烧伤后瘢痕挛缩性足下垂3名患者进行Z形瘢痕瓣或梯形瘢痕跟腱瓣治疗，预后观察踝关节外观及踝关节活动功能。

Methods:Nine patients with contraction of Achilles tendon were treated by Ilizarov retractors.The ankle retractors was assembled before surgery and put around leg and foot during the operation.The center of the hinges of the apparatus was pointed to the joint space firstly.Groups of Kirschner pin were penetrated through legs and another two groups through feet and then fixed with the steel rings of the retractors.

用Ilizarov踝关节牵伸器治疗跟腱挛缩9例，手术时先将预先组装好的踝关节牵伸器套在小腿与足部，牵伸器的铰链式关节对准踝关节的关节间隙，在小腿和足部各穿2组克氏针与牵伸器的钢环固定。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失